{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385423107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156769","title":"Microcontroller-Based PUF for Identity Authentication and Tamper Resistance of Blockchain-Compliant IoT Devices","display_name":"Microcontroller-Based PUF for Identity Authentication and Tamper Resistance of Blockchain-Compliant IoT Devices","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385423107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156769","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23156769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6769/pdf?version=1690727896","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6769/pdf?version=1690727896","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050296372","display_name":"Davor Vinko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-488X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51314090","display_name":"University of Osijek","ror":"https://ror.org/05sw4wc49","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davor Vinko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-488X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043814389","display_name":"Kruno Mili\u010devi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-5071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51314090","display_name":"University of Osijek","ror":"https://ror.org/05sw4wc49","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kruno Mili\u010devi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-5071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028739566","display_name":"Ivica Luki\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-3385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51314090","display_name":"University of Osijek","ror":"https://ror.org/05sw4wc49","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivica Luki\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-3385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102726896","display_name":"Mirko K\u00f6hler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5141-3070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51314090","display_name":"University of Osijek","ror":"https://ror.org/05sw4wc49","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko K\u00f6hler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050296372"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.35,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88059701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"15","first_page":"6769","last_page":"6769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.8650956153869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.7612708210945129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamper-resistance","display_name":"Tamper resistance","score":0.7540969252586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6804810166358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6273157596588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6073916554450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5117742419242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4458940327167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.443154901266098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2559053301811218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.8650956153869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.7612708210945129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19163912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7681779","display_name":"Tamper resistance","level":2,"score":0.7540969252586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6804810166358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6273157596588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6073916554450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5117742419242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4458940327167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.443154901266098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2559053301811218}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23156769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6769/pdf?version=1690727896","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37571554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10422494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10422494","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10422494/pdf/sensors-23-06769.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4642692150344d2fb1df82e1f93c6c69","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4642692150344d2fb1df82e1f93c6c69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 15, p 6769 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/15/6769/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 15; Pages: 6769","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23156769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6769/pdf?version=1690727896","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385423107.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582894122","https://openalex.org/W1692007452","https://openalex.org/W1966281092","https://openalex.org/W2037868409","https://openalex.org/W2041526007","https://openalex.org/W2109024943","https://openalex.org/W2124998280","https://openalex.org/W2171114160","https://openalex.org/W2576448489","https://openalex.org/W2610918593","https://openalex.org/W2767607341","https://openalex.org/W2783992364","https://openalex.org/W2794081692","https://openalex.org/W2805356274","https://openalex.org/W2807803026","https://openalex.org/W2897993795","https://openalex.org/W2899509469","https://openalex.org/W2901136324","https://openalex.org/W2902250875","https://openalex.org/W2909295468","https://openalex.org/W2948948190","https://openalex.org/W2961769086","https://openalex.org/W2964936003","https://openalex.org/W2973558776","https://openalex.org/W2980670282","https://openalex.org/W2982515466","https://openalex.org/W2982523999","https://openalex.org/W2996232566","https://openalex.org/W3006809229","https://openalex.org/W3009096535","https://openalex.org/W3036617119","https://openalex.org/W3045405414","https://openalex.org/W3048485013","https://openalex.org/W3085606966","https://openalex.org/W3088273379","https://openalex.org/W3091917645","https://openalex.org/W3109476568","https://openalex.org/W3115359516","https://openalex.org/W3119938028","https://openalex.org/W3125533513","https://openalex.org/W3136108810","https://openalex.org/W3140946265","https://openalex.org/W3161228672","https://openalex.org/W3161821861","https://openalex.org/W3162705815","https://openalex.org/W3175225535","https://openalex.org/W3177061203","https://openalex.org/W3202370260","https://openalex.org/W3202573027","https://openalex.org/W3205407122","https://openalex.org/W3215881098","https://openalex.org/W4200147340","https://openalex.org/W4200158267","https://openalex.org/W4200367758","https://openalex.org/W4200397341","https://openalex.org/W4200418011","https://openalex.org/W4205300632","https://openalex.org/W4210338374","https://openalex.org/W4210723979","https://openalex.org/W4210987950","https://openalex.org/W4211246620","https://openalex.org/W4213089404","https://openalex.org/W4213304788","https://openalex.org/W4214481357","https://openalex.org/W4223421225","https://openalex.org/W4226492554","https://openalex.org/W4252995036","https://openalex.org/W4285199751","https://openalex.org/W4285205233","https://openalex.org/W4292291386","https://openalex.org/W4293101289","https://openalex.org/W4293776553","https://openalex.org/W4303628912","https://openalex.org/W4307190321","https://openalex.org/W4308479839","https://openalex.org/W4309969652","https://openalex.org/W4309997710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147784592","https://openalex.org/W2910284721","https://openalex.org/W2739596575","https://openalex.org/W2067522674","https://openalex.org/W2776079791","https://openalex.org/W3021721596","https://openalex.org/W2089825766","https://openalex.org/W3091567181","https://openalex.org/W4385423107","https://openalex.org/W2367771963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain-based":[0],"applications":[1],"necessitate":[2],"the":[3,61,64,127,146,152,156,187,190,201],"authentication":[4],"of":[5,56,63,142,159],"connected":[6],"devices":[7,49,58,71],"if":[8],"they":[9,66],"are":[10,67],"employed":[11],"as":[12,86,155],"blockchain":[13],"oracles.":[14],"Alongside":[15],"identity":[16,105],"authentication,":[17],"it":[18],"is":[19,145],"crucial":[20],"to":[21,103],"ensure":[22],"resistance":[23,108,206],"against":[24,28,33,207],"tampering,":[25],"including":[26],"safeguarding":[27],"unauthorized":[29],"alterations":[30],"and":[31,81,106,200],"protection":[32],"device":[34,137],"counterfeiting":[35],"or":[36],"cloning.":[37],"However,":[38],"attaining":[39],"these":[40],"functionalities":[41],"becomes":[42],"more":[43],"challenging":[44],"when":[45],"dealing":[46],"with":[47,74,126,196],"resource-constrained":[48],"like":[50],"low-cost":[51,180],"IoT":[52,57,110],"devices.":[53,111],"The":[54,112,171],"resources":[55],"depend":[59],"on":[60,116],"capabilities":[62],"microcontroller":[65,181,191],"built":[68],"around.":[69],"Low-cost":[70],"utilize":[72],"microcontrollers":[73],"limited":[75],"computational":[76],"power,":[77],"small":[78],"memory":[79],"capacity,":[80],"lack":[82],"advanced":[83],"features":[84],"such":[85],"a":[87,95,98,117,166,179],"dedicated":[88],"secure":[89],"cryptographic":[90],"chip.":[91],"This":[92],"paper":[93,144],"proposes":[94],"method":[96,149,204],"employing":[97],"Physical":[99],"Unclonable":[100],"Function":[101],"(PUF)":[102],"authenticate":[104],"tamper":[107],"in":[109,124,165,169,178],"suggested":[113],"PUF":[114,148,153,162,173,203],"relies":[115],"microcontroller's":[118,128],"internal":[119],"pull-up":[120],"resistor":[121],"values":[122],"and,":[123],"conjunction":[125],"built-in":[129],"analog":[130],"comparator,":[131],"can":[132,193],"also":[133],"be":[134,194],"utilized":[135],"for":[136],"self-checking.":[138],"A":[139],"main":[140],"contribution":[141],"this":[143],"proposed":[147,172,202],"which":[150],"calculates":[151],"value":[154,158],"average":[157],"many":[160],"single":[161],"measurements,":[163],"resulting":[164],"significant":[167],"increase":[168],"accuracy.":[170],"has":[174],"been":[175],"implemented":[176],"successfully":[177],"device.":[182],"Test":[183],"results":[184],"demonstrate":[185],"that":[186],"device,":[188],"specifically":[189],"chip,":[192],"identified":[195],"high":[197],"accuracy":[198],"(99.98%),":[199],"exhibits":[205],"probing":[208],"attempts.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}