{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385377613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146551","title":"An Interdigital Microwave Sensor Based on Differential Structure for Dielectric Constant Characteristics Measurement","display_name":"An Interdigital Microwave Sensor Based on Differential Structure for Dielectric Constant Characteristics Measurement","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385377613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37514844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6551/pdf?version=1690522743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6551/pdf?version=1690522743","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054814655","display_name":"Xiaocong Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaocong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612875","display_name":"Zhiqiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-1147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626075","display_name":"Jie Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1150-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056103685","display_name":"Zheyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-8631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112055052","display_name":"Yang Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346606","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-5552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-5552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112859953","display_name":"Azeem Muhammad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azeem Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390469","display_name":"Cong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-0309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-0309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100390469","https://openalex.org/A5100612875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3927,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81214077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"14","first_page":"6551","last_page":"6551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.8148608207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.8054583072662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.797378420829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7150590419769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5058536529541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5022039413452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44741857051849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation-factor","display_name":"Dissipation factor","score":0.4432845711708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2187904715538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15023019909858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14651796221733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11435633897781372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.8148608207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.8054583072662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.797378420829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7150590419769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5058536529541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5022039413452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44741857051849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97274863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040795","display_name":"Dissipation factor","level":3,"score":0.4432845711708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2187904715538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15023019909858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14651796221733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11435633897781372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6551/pdf?version=1690522743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37514844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37514844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10385344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10385344","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10385344/pdf/sensors-23-06551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2fad620511bd4e138ecd912fbe0bfc15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2fad620511bd4e138ecd912fbe0bfc15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 14, p 6551 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/14/6551/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 14; Pages: 6551","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6551/pdf?version=1690522743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1569366644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1591578643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G285944749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 61971160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3370872292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFF0603500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5932568553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G895106752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0121800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385377613.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1961760733","https://openalex.org/W2079188866","https://openalex.org/W2097214740","https://openalex.org/W2126635564","https://openalex.org/W2463950061","https://openalex.org/W2752911626","https://openalex.org/W2783712020","https://openalex.org/W2895851978","https://openalex.org/W2914014161","https://openalex.org/W2963908869","https://openalex.org/W2969463398","https://openalex.org/W2981755621","https://openalex.org/W2985894324","https://openalex.org/W3006601325","https://openalex.org/W3016336783","https://openalex.org/W3037850654","https://openalex.org/W3104455115","https://openalex.org/W3108648795","https://openalex.org/W3201506020","https://openalex.org/W3203186936","https://openalex.org/W4210322355","https://openalex.org/W4285136323","https://openalex.org/W4292972240","https://openalex.org/W4310664470","https://openalex.org/W4313133529","https://openalex.org/W4322630077","https://openalex.org/W4323892075","https://openalex.org/W4372312030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059751975","https://openalex.org/W2030020508","https://openalex.org/W2545159328","https://openalex.org/W4308743947","https://openalex.org/W1589725595","https://openalex.org/W2573479430","https://openalex.org/W2524369848","https://openalex.org/W2066602764","https://openalex.org/W2078475246","https://openalex.org/W1972596001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,141],"work,":[2],"a":[3,8],"microwave":[4,31],"resonator":[5,32],"sensor":[6,42,61,86,113,142,157],"with":[7,45,122,132,150],"unique":[9],"configuration":[10],"consisting":[11],"of":[12,30,40,59,81,140,155],"three":[13],"resonators":[14],"and":[15,28,69,99,116,147,152,170],"two":[16],"feedlines":[17],"is":[18,49,62,114],"proposed.":[19],"This":[20],"novel":[21],"design":[22],"aims":[23],"to":[24,43,91,102,158],"improve":[25],"the":[26,41,55,60,65,71,78,89,94,100,111,119,123,133,138,153,156,159],"performance":[27],"functionality":[29],"sensors":[33],"for":[34],"various":[35],"applications.":[36],"The":[37,51,85,126],"frequency":[38,83],"response":[39,154],"materials":[44,72,149,160],"different":[46,168],"dielectric":[47,108,145],"constants":[48,146],"simulated.":[50],"results":[52,128],"show":[53],"that":[54],"most":[56],"sensitive":[57],"region":[58],"located":[63],"on":[64],"first":[66],"interdigital":[67],"structure,":[68],"placing":[70],"in":[73,107,143,166],"other":[74],"regions":[75],"would":[76],"enhance":[77],"linear":[79],"correlation":[80],"its":[82,164],"response.":[84],"also":[87],"exhibits":[88],"ability":[90,101],"distinguish":[92],"whether":[93],"same":[95],"material":[96],"has":[97],"defects":[98],"qualitatively":[103],"detect":[104],"subtle":[105],"changes":[106],"constant.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"proposed":[112],"fabricated":[115],"measured":[117,127],"under":[118,161],"condition":[120],"consistent":[121,131],"simulation":[124,134],"environment.":[125],"are":[129],"basically":[130],"results,":[135],"which":[136],"confirms":[137],"potential":[139,165],"detecting":[144],"resolving":[148],"defects,":[151],"test":[162],"demonstrates":[163],"measuring":[167],"thicknesses":[169],"loss":[171],"tangents.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}