{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384823485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146516","title":"A Mixed-Field Circular and Non-Circular Source Localization Algorithm Based on Exact Spatial Propagation Geometry","display_name":"A Mixed-Field Circular and Non-Circular Source Localization Algorithm Based on Exact Spatial Propagation Geometry","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384823485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146516","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37514809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146516","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6516/pdf?version=1689755167","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6516/pdf?version=1689755167","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009507196","display_name":"Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-5218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079372909","display_name":"Weijia Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-9167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijia Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035557497","display_name":"Bin Ba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7302-2994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Ba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077613604","display_name":"Haiyun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-9049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060224186","display_name":"Jingjing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2947-0239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035557497"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2038,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42316119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"14","first_page":"6516","last_page":"6516"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7499703764915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-buffer","display_name":"Circular buffer","score":0.6829665899276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6195418834686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.5749011039733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-and-far-field","display_name":"Near and far field","score":0.48784947395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43293508887290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41882550716400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.41700923442840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3822900652885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.37605035305023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13795560598373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12083175778388977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7499703764915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85686653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224994","display_name":"Circular buffer","level":2,"score":0.6829665899276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6195418834686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.5749011039733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.48784947395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43293508887290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41882550716400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41700923442840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3822900652885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.37605035305023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13795560598373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12083175778388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146516","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6516/pdf?version=1689755167","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37514809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37514809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10384303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10384303","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10384303/pdf/sensors-23-06516.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0147d71d7df4dc89a49f4ea2fd68bcc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0147d71d7df4dc89a49f4ea2fd68bcc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 14, p 6516 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/14/6516/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 14; Pages: 6516","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146516","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6516/pdf?version=1689755167","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G715462637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171468","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384823485.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W2019492706","https://openalex.org/W2063903336","https://openalex.org/W2089619278","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2115485558","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2144661574","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2165111169","https://openalex.org/W2528695050","https://openalex.org/W2886299913","https://openalex.org/W2903416230","https://openalex.org/W2949195697","https://openalex.org/W2953900845","https://openalex.org/W2962965396","https://openalex.org/W3027904207","https://openalex.org/W3034375137","https://openalex.org/W3038139469","https://openalex.org/W3092150416","https://openalex.org/W3096178752","https://openalex.org/W3147854096","https://openalex.org/W4226219417","https://openalex.org/W4226246585","https://openalex.org/W4286618010","https://openalex.org/W4297887643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365667590","https://openalex.org/W2977247732","https://openalex.org/W2241206306","https://openalex.org/W1968324071","https://openalex.org/W4309710663","https://openalex.org/W2383282380","https://openalex.org/W2355798655","https://openalex.org/W3095645108","https://openalex.org/W1712558626","https://openalex.org/W2761122443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,67],"passive":[1],"localization":[2,37,78],"techniques,":[3],"as":[4],"the":[5,8,11,15,31,36,65,93,110,114,139,143,147,155,165],"scale":[6],"of":[7,10,22,30,38,56,92,113,138,142],"array":[9],"sensors":[12],"used":[13,106],"increases,":[14],"source":[16,77,94],"distribution":[17],"may":[18],"be":[19],"a":[20,44,72],"coexistence":[21],"near-field":[23],"(NF)":[24],"and":[25,51,75,131,163],"far-field":[26],"(FF)":[27],"sources.":[28,66],"Most":[29],"existing":[32],"algorithms":[33],"dedicated":[34],"to":[35,116,128,134,145],"mixed-field":[39,73],"sources":[40,144,162],"are":[41,62],"based":[42,80],"on":[43,81],"simplified":[45],"model,":[46],"which":[47],"has":[48],"model":[49,129],"errors":[50],"cannot":[52],"make":[53,88,135],"good":[54,136],"use":[55,137],"non-circular":[57,60,76,111,140],"properties":[58,112,141],"when":[59],"signals":[61],"present":[63,71],"in":[64,107],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,87],"circular":[74],"algorithm":[79,103,122,157,166],"exact":[82,97],"spatial":[83,98],"propagation":[84],"geometry.":[85],"First,":[86],"an":[89,118],"initial":[90],"estimate":[91],"parameters":[95],"using":[96],"geometry":[99],"relations.":[100],"The":[101,121,150],"MUSIC":[102],"is":[104,132],"then":[105],"combination":[108],"with":[109],"signal":[115],"achieve":[117],"accurate":[119],"estimate.":[120],"does":[123],"not":[124],"lose":[125],"performance":[126],"due":[127],"mismatch":[130],"able":[133],"improve":[146],"estimation":[148],"accuracy.":[149],"simulation":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154,164],"proposed":[156],"can":[158],"effectively":[159],"distinguish":[160],"between":[161],"performs":[167],"satisfactorily.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-21T23:30:37.877113","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
