{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384827681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146492","title":"A Blockchain-Based Trustworthy Model Evaluation Framework for Deep Learning and Its Application in Moving Object Segmentation","display_name":"A Blockchain-Based Trustworthy Model Evaluation Framework for Deep Learning and Its Application in Moving Object Segmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384827681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146492","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37514785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6492/pdf?version=1689676161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6492/pdf?version=1689676161","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021825605","display_name":"Rui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7195-7887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076130502","display_name":"Jiatao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5165-5001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiatao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5165-5001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113033096","display_name":"Weifeng Bu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046763184","display_name":"Xiang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-2034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021825605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6345,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72722511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"14","first_page":"6492","last_page":"6492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.947324275970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.7556642293930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7019641399383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6748547554016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6548324227333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6067389845848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5301633477210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44253861904144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39762017130851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3353493809700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3284029960632324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.947324275970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.7556642293930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7019641399383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6748547554016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6548324227333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6067389845848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5301633477210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44253861904144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39762017130851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3353493809700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3284029960632324}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6492/pdf?version=1689676161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37514785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37514785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10383623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10383623","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10383623/pdf/sensors-23-06492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c63e669021dd4f919cf03783ca56c0bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c63e669021dd4f919cf03783ca56c0bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 14, p 6492 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/14/6492/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 14; Pages: 6492","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23146492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6492/pdf?version=1689676161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2060566303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G20220602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326300","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3062219922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G20220602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4681035299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YBR014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6196325423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YBR014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326300","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6280749991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YBR014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6555950241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326300","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7043144029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G20220602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8706626918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8945727376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326300","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384827681.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W1997199359","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2071860582","https://openalex.org/W2087834864","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2166602595","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2295250376","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2745565856","https://openalex.org/W2783946051","https://openalex.org/W2886956694","https://openalex.org/W2901951655","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2944383542","https://openalex.org/W2970983646","https://openalex.org/W2972506132","https://openalex.org/W2984693664","https://openalex.org/W2990542768","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W3002399415","https://openalex.org/W3010457411","https://openalex.org/W3024617482","https://openalex.org/W3032433069","https://openalex.org/W3034497979","https://openalex.org/W3042368254","https://openalex.org/W3081178496","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3105220622","https://openalex.org/W3111983220","https://openalex.org/W3137176804","https://openalex.org/W3152141291","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3161715545","https://openalex.org/W3163972560","https://openalex.org/W3169624428","https://openalex.org/W3197192118","https://openalex.org/W3198675107","https://openalex.org/W3204421027","https://openalex.org/W3211243177","https://openalex.org/W3215288840","https://openalex.org/W4211066400","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4220993330","https://openalex.org/W4226081568","https://openalex.org/W4283800989","https://openalex.org/W4289745703","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4300179783","https://openalex.org/W4313399258","https://openalex.org/W4313598904","https://openalex.org/W4366487509","https://openalex.org/W4366503492","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6754199392","https://openalex.org/W6767942408","https://openalex.org/W6787018847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Model":[0],"evaluation":[1,11,35,53,73,190],"is":[2,13,104,109,155,211,227,255],"critical":[3],"in":[4,118,136,148,185,203],"deep":[5,230],"learning.":[6],"However,":[7],"the":[8,96,113,119,137,140,149,179,186,193,198,204,208,242,247,250,253],"traditional":[9],"model":[10,23,26,29,32,52,67,72,94,103,167,189],"approach":[12],"susceptible":[14],"to":[15,111,157,176,196,213,229],"issues":[16],"of":[17,58,98,130,143,163,207,252],"untrustworthiness,":[18],"including":[19],"insecure":[20,25],"data":[21,181,195],"and":[22,34,70,86,127,160,249],"sharing,":[24],"training,":[27],"incorrect":[28],"evaluation,":[30,33,215],"centralized":[31],"results":[36,142],"that":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39],"tampered":[40],"easily.":[41],"To":[42,83],"minimize":[43],"these":[44],"untrustworthiness":[45],"issues,":[46],"this":[47],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"a":[50,63,66,71,99,221],"blockchain-based":[51],"framework.":[54],"The":[55,75,122,166,188,224],"framework":[56,226,254],"consists":[57],"an":[59,90],"access":[60,76,88,92,101,114],"control":[61,77,93,102,115],"layer,":[62,65,69],"storage":[64,123,129,209,243],"training":[68,168,171,180],"layer.":[74],"layer":[78,124,169,191,210],"facilitates":[79],"secure":[80,128],"resource":[81,164,222],"sharing.":[82],"achieve":[84,158],"fine-grained":[85],"flexible":[87],"control,":[89],"attribute-based":[91],"combining":[95],"idea":[97],"role-based":[100],"adopted.":[105],"A":[106,201],"smart":[107,153,205],"contract":[108,154,206],"designed":[110,156,212],"manage":[112],"policies":[116],"stored":[117,135],"blockchain":[120,150],"ledger.":[121,151],"ensures":[125],"efficient":[126,161],"resources.":[131],"Resource":[132],"files":[133],"are":[134],"IPFS,":[138],"with":[139,216],"encrypted":[141],"their":[144],"index":[145],"addresses":[146],"recorded":[147,194,199],"Another":[152],"decentralized":[159],"management":[162],"records.":[165],"performs":[170],"on":[172],"users'":[173],"servers,":[174],"and,":[175],"ensure":[177],"security,":[178],"must":[182],"have":[183],"records":[184],"blockchain.":[187],"utilizes":[192],"evaluate":[197],"models.":[200],"method":[202],"enable":[214],"scores":[217],"automatically":[218],"uploaded":[219],"as":[220],"attribute.":[223],"proposed":[225],"applied":[228],"learning-based":[231],"motion":[232],"object":[233],"segmentation,":[234],"demonstrating":[235],"its":[236],"key":[237],"functionalities.":[238],"Furthermore,":[239],"we":[240],"validated":[241],"strategy":[244],"adopted":[245],"by":[246],"framework,":[248],"trustworthiness":[251],"also":[256],"analyzed.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}