{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383346073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136176","title":"A DDoS Detection Method Based on Feature Engineering and Machine Learning in Software-Defined Networks","display_name":"A DDoS Detection Method Based on Feature Engineering and Machine Learning in Software-Defined Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383346073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136176","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37448025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6176/pdf?version=1688639052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6176/pdf?version=1688639052","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048762739","display_name":"Zhenpeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenpeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China","School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102005017","display_name":"Yihang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113985865","display_name":"Fan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-8858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376133","display_name":"Yifan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-4026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665554","display_name":"Zelin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6976-9510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zelin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101221138","display_name":"Yawei Shan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawei Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100376133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":12.7712,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99062228,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"6176","last_page":"6176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.9211233854293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7511612772941589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7196551561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7067579627037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6623546481132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6335511207580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.5654308795928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5102765560150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.49534550309181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.49201270937919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47180190682411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4577963948249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4127435088157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4051664471626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2023320198059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1448536217212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09522873163223267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.9211233854293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7511612772941589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7196551561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7067579627037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6623546481132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6335511207580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.5654308795928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5102765560150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.49534550309181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.49201270937919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47180190682411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4577963948249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4127435088157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4051664471626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2023320198059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1448536217212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09522873163223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6176/pdf?version=1688639052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37448025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37448025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346601","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346601/pdf/sensors-23-06176.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63cae8d510e74fb9988c1ca4c771bf04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63cae8d510e74fb9988c1ca4c771bf04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 6176 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/6176/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 6176","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6176/pdf?version=1688639052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2234339087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017A20004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2944667411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2019201427","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4351963818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. F2019201427","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5282704487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201427","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6633872192","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2019201427","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6636518126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017A20004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383346073.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1444952417","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2471288191","https://openalex.org/W2776356831","https://openalex.org/W2924610876","https://openalex.org/W2940371396","https://openalex.org/W2947334153","https://openalex.org/W2950540448","https://openalex.org/W2960339583","https://openalex.org/W2985047970","https://openalex.org/W2998008813","https://openalex.org/W3000117198","https://openalex.org/W3000870854","https://openalex.org/W3004079980","https://openalex.org/W3006165800","https://openalex.org/W3015586532","https://openalex.org/W3015745041","https://openalex.org/W3036517673","https://openalex.org/W3095075163","https://openalex.org/W3118241656","https://openalex.org/W3126135128","https://openalex.org/W3132109934","https://openalex.org/W3153990350","https://openalex.org/W3155739706","https://openalex.org/W3158456479","https://openalex.org/W3159037623","https://openalex.org/W3161554626","https://openalex.org/W3179438752","https://openalex.org/W3201732672","https://openalex.org/W4200434438","https://openalex.org/W4206116579","https://openalex.org/W4206709449","https://openalex.org/W4210319102","https://openalex.org/W4210415324","https://openalex.org/W4212768123","https://openalex.org/W4214893216","https://openalex.org/W4226267504","https://openalex.org/W4229003780","https://openalex.org/W4239124031","https://openalex.org/W4251777364","https://openalex.org/W4280573973","https://openalex.org/W4281700503","https://openalex.org/W4282003105","https://openalex.org/W4282042832","https://openalex.org/W4285307762","https://openalex.org/W4289785399","https://openalex.org/W4289866002","https://openalex.org/W4308424950","https://openalex.org/W4308870994","https://openalex.org/W4311392129","https://openalex.org/W4316126697","https://openalex.org/W4322770678","https://openalex.org/W6784117944","https://openalex.org/W6790735924","https://openalex.org/W6838380449","https://openalex.org/W6838819530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767068794","https://openalex.org/W4229489764","https://openalex.org/W3114854705","https://openalex.org/W2735897973","https://openalex.org/W4213341501","https://openalex.org/W1543555101","https://openalex.org/W3195575042","https://openalex.org/W2898113880","https://openalex.org/W2793567886","https://openalex.org/W4308272253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"denial-of-service":[1],"(DDoS)":[2],"attacks":[3,24,142],"pose":[4],"a":[5,16,146],"significant":[6],"cybersecurity":[7],"threat":[8],"to":[9,21],"software-defined":[10],"networks":[11],"(SDNs).":[12],"This":[13],"paper":[14],"proposes":[15],"feature-engineering-":[17],"and":[18,33,35,57,72,88,112,123,135,139,149],"machine-learning-based":[19],"approach":[20],"detect":[22,138],"DDoS":[23,85,141],"in":[25,59,90,143],"SDNs.":[26,155],"First,":[27],"the":[28,36,51,79,91,118,133,152],"CSE-CIC-IDS2018":[29],"dataset":[30],"was":[31,40,55,82],"cleaned":[32],"normalized,":[34],"optimal":[37,52],"feature":[38,53],"subset":[39,54],"found":[41],"using":[42],"an":[43],"improved":[44],"binary":[45],"grey":[46],"wolf":[47],"optimization":[48],"algorithm.":[49],"Next,":[50],"trained":[56],"tested":[58],"Random":[60],"Forest":[61],"(RF),":[62],"Support":[63],"Vector":[64],"Machine":[65],"(SVM),":[66],"K-Nearest":[67],"Neighbor":[68],"(k-NN),":[69],"Decision":[70],"Tree,":[71],"XGBoost":[73],"machine":[74],"learning":[75],"algorithms,":[76],"from":[77],"which":[78],"best":[80,100,134],"classifier":[81],"selected":[83],"for":[84,151],"attack":[86],"detection":[87],"deployed":[89],"SDN":[92],"controller.":[93],"The":[94,125],"results":[95,126],"show":[96,127],"that":[97,128],"RF":[98],"performs":[99],"when":[101],"compared":[102],"across":[103],"several":[104],"performance":[105],"metrics":[106],"(e.g.,":[107],"accuracy,":[108],"precision,":[109],"recall,":[110],"F1":[111],"AUC":[113],"values).":[114],"We":[115],"also":[116],"explore":[117],"comparison":[119],"between":[120],"different":[121],"models":[122],"algorithms.":[124],"our":[129],"proposed":[130],"method":[131],"performed":[132],"can":[136],"effectively":[137],"identify":[140],"SDNs,":[144],"providing":[145],"new":[147],"idea":[148],"solution":[150],"security":[153],"of":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}