{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383262542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136139","title":"An Experimental Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attack in CDX 3 Platform Based on Snort","display_name":"An Experimental Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attack in CDX 3 Platform Based on Snort","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383262542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136139","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136139","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6139/pdf?version=1688464028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6139/pdf?version=1688464028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101689181","display_name":"Chin\u2010Ling Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309796872","display_name":"National Pingtung University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z698x91","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309796872"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Ling Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309796872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110134262","display_name":"Jinxiang Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309796872","display_name":"National Pingtung University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z698x91","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309796872"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Lin Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309796872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101689181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309796872"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9302,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86684738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"6139","last_page":"6139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.9203299283981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trinoo","display_name":"Trinoo","score":0.7773171663284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7717465758323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer-ddos-attack","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","score":0.7340449094772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6297332048416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5252327919006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4875487685203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.4735155403614044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.45378634333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4498459994792938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41710105538368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33459198474884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22564947605133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13541719317436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13355618715286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1192534863948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.07481306791305542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.9203299283981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43639116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7843050","display_name":"Trinoo","level":5,"score":0.7773171663284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7717465758323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120865594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","level":4,"score":0.7340449094772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6297332048416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5252327919006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4875487685203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.4735155403614044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.45378634333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4498459994792938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41710105538368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33459198474884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22564947605133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13541719317436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13355618715286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1192534863948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.07481306791305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136139","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6139/pdf?version=1688464028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346265","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346265/pdf/sensors-23-06139.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bbea1186e19148cf8fd98328bfc4d1da","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bbea1186e19148cf8fd98328bfc4d1da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 6139 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/6139/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 6139","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136139","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6139/pdf?version=1688464028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383262542.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2548015322","https://openalex.org/W2562085068","https://openalex.org/W2606775912","https://openalex.org/W2765365654","https://openalex.org/W3000401776","https://openalex.org/W3012029440","https://openalex.org/W3021521604","https://openalex.org/W3034692264","https://openalex.org/W3080798771","https://openalex.org/W3125499617","https://openalex.org/W3171028834","https://openalex.org/W3171738373","https://openalex.org/W3197852964","https://openalex.org/W4206375275","https://openalex.org/W4213101073","https://openalex.org/W4292544546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783466926","https://openalex.org/W4286539397","https://openalex.org/W1968168724","https://openalex.org/W2204131204","https://openalex.org/W2754163055","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W4322008378","https://openalex.org/W2383770723","https://openalex.org/W2186749541","https://openalex.org/W2360429410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"Denial":[1],"of":[2,31,57,87],"Service":[3],"(DDoS)":[4],"attacks":[5,26,89],"pose":[6],"a":[7,18,28],"significant":[8],"threat":[9],"to":[10,22,42],"internet":[11],"and":[12,93],"cloud":[13],"security.":[14],"Our":[15],"study":[16,98],"utilizes":[17],"Poisson":[19,48],"distribution":[20],"model":[21],"efficiently":[23],"detect":[24],"DDoS":[25,88,103,122],"with":[27,74,108],"computational":[29],"complexity":[30],"O(n).":[32],"Unlike":[33],"Machine":[34],"Learning":[35],"(ML)-based":[36],"algorithms,":[37],"our":[38,111],"method":[39],"only":[40],"needs":[41],"set":[43],"up":[44],"one":[45],"or":[46],"more":[47],"models":[49],"for":[50,67,90],"legitimate":[51],"traffic":[52],"based":[53],"on":[54,78],"the":[55,58,65,79],"granularity":[56],"time":[59],"periods":[60],"during":[61],"preprocessing,":[62],"thus":[63],"eliminating":[64],"need":[66],"training":[68],"time.":[69],"We":[70],"validate":[71],"this":[72],"approach":[73,112],"four":[75],"virtual":[76],"machines":[77],"CDX":[80],"3.0":[81],"platform,":[82],"each":[83],"simulating":[84],"different":[85],"aspects":[86],"offensive,":[91],"monitoring,":[92],"defense":[94],"evaluation":[95],"purposes.":[96],"The":[97],"further":[99],"analyzes":[100],"seven":[101],"diverse":[102],"attack":[104,123],"methods.":[105],"When":[106],"compared":[107],"existing":[109],"methods,":[110],"demonstrates":[113],"superior":[114],"performance,":[115],"highlighting":[116],"its":[117],"potential":[118],"effectiveness":[119],"in":[120],"real-world":[121],"detection.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}