{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383227036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136131","title":"Multi-Copy Relay Node Selection Strategy Based on Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Multi-Copy Relay Node Selection Strategy Based on Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383227036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136131","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6131/pdf?version=1688449859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6131/pdf?version=1688449859","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102223697","display_name":"Yang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1695-2320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673698","display_name":"Fuquan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-2549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fuquan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100673698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3509,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57403982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"6131","last_page":"6131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.8352575898170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7953316569328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6995465159416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6974525451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5566900372505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5382793545722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4584794044494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.4293926954269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1830241084098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1392984688282013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.8352575898170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7953316569328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6995465159416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6974525451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5566900372505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5382793545722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4584794044494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.4293926954269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1830241084098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1392984688282013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6131/pdf?version=1688449859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346703","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346703/pdf/sensors-23-06131.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e4436fde24c4248b46d41b2e70e3732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e4436fde24c4248b46d41b2e70e3732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 6131 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/6131/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 6131","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6131/pdf?version=1688449859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383227036.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W768287162","https://openalex.org/W1617586555","https://openalex.org/W1764794427","https://openalex.org/W1929761244","https://openalex.org/W1965484535","https://openalex.org/W1966712949","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1978472512","https://openalex.org/W1983515287","https://openalex.org/W2001065364","https://openalex.org/W2038920443","https://openalex.org/W2040952777","https://openalex.org/W2059942678","https://openalex.org/W2062473867","https://openalex.org/W2079298968","https://openalex.org/W2089458547","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2097625638","https://openalex.org/W2107092659","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2164928285","https://openalex.org/W2168684913","https://openalex.org/W2316080874","https://openalex.org/W2475352194","https://openalex.org/W2518849792","https://openalex.org/W2597440407","https://openalex.org/W2792921868","https://openalex.org/W2800621823","https://openalex.org/W2928060546","https://openalex.org/W3024935023","https://openalex.org/W3044921499","https://openalex.org/W3090723951","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3101373936","https://openalex.org/W3102191718","https://openalex.org/W3155228368","https://openalex.org/W3158163597","https://openalex.org/W3185927405","https://openalex.org/W4205144643","https://openalex.org/W4290830324","https://openalex.org/W4295537160","https://openalex.org/W4297373803","https://openalex.org/W4309723647","https://openalex.org/W4313179352","https://openalex.org/W4313182162","https://openalex.org/W6661016968","https://openalex.org/W6772461537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084288121","https://openalex.org/W2387096116","https://openalex.org/W2139801379","https://openalex.org/W2408235315","https://openalex.org/W2054264741","https://openalex.org/W3148365990","https://openalex.org/W2078776427","https://openalex.org/W2290052495","https://openalex.org/W2171871052","https://openalex.org/W2086593384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Delay":[0],"tolerant":[1],"networks":[2],"(DTNs),":[3],"are":[4,107],"characterized":[5],"by":[6],"their":[7,44],"difficulty":[8],"in":[9,31,127],"establishing":[10],"end-to-end":[11],"paths":[12],"and":[13,14,27,99,104,146,210],"large":[15],"message":[16,25],"propagation":[17],"delays.":[18],"To":[19],"control":[20],"network":[21,208],"overhead":[22,209],"costs,":[23],"reduce":[24],"delays,":[26],"improve":[28],"delivery":[29,203],"rates":[30],"DTNs,":[32],"it":[33,93],"is":[34,94,186],"essential":[35],"to":[36,48,77,115,157],"not":[37],"only":[38],"delete":[39],"messages":[40],"that":[41,196],"have":[42],"reached":[43],"destination":[45],"but":[46],"also":[47],"more":[49],"precisely":[50],"determine":[51],"appropriate":[52],"relay":[53,65,140,191],"nodes.":[54,136],"Based":[55],"on":[56,71,168],"the":[57,78,91,96,116,122,128,133,160,172,178,181,189,197],"above":[58],"goals,":[59],"this":[60],"paper":[61],"constructs":[62],"a":[63,88,110,201],"multi-copy":[64],"node":[66,89,143,156,179],"selection":[67,138],"router":[68],"algorithm":[69,153,199],"based":[70,167],"Q-lambda":[72,150],"reinforcement":[73,151],"learning":[74,152],"with":[75,101,121,180],"reference":[76],"idea":[79],"of":[80,118,139],"community":[81,85],"division":[82],"(QLCR).":[83],"In":[84],"division,":[86],"if":[87],"has":[90],"highestdegree,":[92],"considered":[95],"core":[97],"node,":[98,123],"nodes":[100,119,141,170],"similar":[102],"interests":[103],"structural":[105,147],"properties":[106],"divided":[108],"into":[109],"community.":[111],"Node":[112],"degree":[113],"refers":[114],"number":[117],"associated":[120],"indicating":[124],"its":[125],"importance":[126],"network.":[129],"Structural":[130],"similarity":[131],"determines":[132],"distance":[134],"between":[135],"The":[137,149],"considers":[142],"degree,":[144],"interests,":[145],"similarity.":[148],"enables":[154],"each":[155],"learn":[158],"from":[159],"entire":[161],"network,":[162],"setting":[163],"corresponding":[164],"reward":[165,184],"values":[166],"encountered":[169],"meeting":[171],"specified":[173],"conditions.":[174],"Through":[175],"iterative":[176],"processes,":[177],"most":[182],"cumulative":[183],"value":[185],"chosen":[187],"as":[188],"final":[190],"node.":[192],"Experimental":[193],"results":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"proposed":[198],"achieves":[200],"high":[202],"rate":[204],"while":[205],"maintaining":[206],"low":[207],"delay.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2023-07-06T00:00:00"}