{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382982708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136085","title":"Progress in Evaluation of Deep Artificial Defects from Sweep-Frequency Eddy-Current Testing Signals","display_name":"Progress in Evaluation of Deep Artificial Defects from Sweep-Frequency Eddy-Current Testing Signals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382982708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136085","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136085","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6085/pdf?version=1688204934","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6085/pdf?version=1688204934","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042209095","display_name":"Milan Smetana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milan Smetana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043557823","display_name":"Daniela Gomb\u00e1rska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-0303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Gombarska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-0303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066302344","display_name":"Zuzana P\u0161e\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-5438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuzana Psenakova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042209095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6671,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6028565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"6085","last_page":"6085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current-testing","display_name":"Eddy-current testing","score":0.8345785140991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current","display_name":"Eddy current","score":0.771815299987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6290416121482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.5403528213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.537314772605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation","display_name":"Excitation","score":0.4818231165409088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4329795837402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.35324323177337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34446215629577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3375190794467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26540499925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2437315583229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15404051542282104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6441794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420867","display_name":"Eddy-current testing","level":3,"score":0.8345785140991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131357438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208598","display_name":"Eddy current","level":2,"score":0.771815299987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6290416121482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.5403528213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.537314772605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.4818231165409088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4329795837402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35324323177337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34446215629577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3375190794467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26540499925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2437315583229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15404051542282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001860","descriptor_name":"Bone Plates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005221","descriptor_name":"Fatigue","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136085","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6085/pdf?version=1688204934","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346517","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346517/pdf/sensors-23-06085.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a44de2575f0445ceb628279c7e8b9df2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a44de2575f0445ceb628279c7e8b9df2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 6085 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/6085/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 6085","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136085","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6085/pdf?version=1688204934","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1421870936","display_name":"Biokompatibilita a objektiviz\u00e1cia elektromagnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea sie\u0165ovej frekvencie v husto os\u00eddlen\u00fdch oblastiach","funder_award_id":"APVV-19-0214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","funder_display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8334329878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19-0214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","funder_display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","ror":"https://ror.org/037nx0e70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382982708.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1196453815","https://openalex.org/W1967117415","https://openalex.org/W1968334862","https://openalex.org/W1975216761","https://openalex.org/W2032346477","https://openalex.org/W2040158860","https://openalex.org/W2166207675","https://openalex.org/W2172210657","https://openalex.org/W2620807672","https://openalex.org/W2921003938","https://openalex.org/W2923416625","https://openalex.org/W3037446095","https://openalex.org/W3207961484","https://openalex.org/W4309007971","https://openalex.org/W4327954180","https://openalex.org/W4353070865","https://openalex.org/W4407742187","https://openalex.org/W4407742952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085805524","https://openalex.org/W2333795440","https://openalex.org/W2003522138","https://openalex.org/W2761369883","https://openalex.org/W2042648917","https://openalex.org/W2551942315","https://openalex.org/W3199894873","https://openalex.org/W1975991076","https://openalex.org/W63789418","https://openalex.org/W2372492482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,74,146,157],"article":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,7,23,38,72,79,84,95,101,132,143,177,184,187],"practical":[4],"application":[5],"of":[6,9,13,35,54,83,104,168,179,186,189],"method":[8,27],"electromagnetic":[10],"non-destructive":[11],"investigation":[12],"austenitic":[14],"materials.":[15],"To":[16],"identify":[17],"and":[18,66,81,152,182,192],"evaluate":[19],"deep":[20,88,121],"artificial":[21,113],"defects,":[22],"sweep-frequency":[24],"eddy":[25,59,105],"current":[26,60],"with":[28,43,51,62,100,171],"harmonic":[29],"excitation":[30,65,125],"is":[31,69,108,130],"used.":[32],"objects":[34],"interest":[36],"are":[37,150],"surface":[39],"electric-discharged":[40],"machined":[41],"notches,":[42],"a":[44,49,52,63,172],"defined":[45,173],"geometry,":[46],"fabricated":[47],"in":[48,90,98,154],"plate":[50],"thickness":[53],"30":[55],"mm.":[56],"An":[57,127],"innovative":[58],"probe":[61,97,134],"separate":[64],"detection":[67],"circuit":[68],"used":[70],"for":[71,87,162,183],"investigation.":[73],"achieved":[75,149],"results":[76,148],"clearly":[77],"demonstrate":[78],"robustness":[80],"potential":[82],"method,":[85],"especially":[86],"defects":[89,114],"thick":[91],"material.":[92],"By":[93],"using":[94,123],"fifth":[96],"connection":[99],"frequency":[102],"sweeping":[103],"currents,":[106],"it":[107],"possible":[109],"to":[110,116,138,175],"reliably":[111],"detect":[112],"up":[115],"24":[117],"\u00b1":[118],"0.5":[119],"mm":[120],"by":[122],"low-frequency":[124],"signals.":[126],"important":[128],"fact":[129],"that":[131],"measuring":[133],"does":[135],"not":[136],"have":[137],"be":[139],"placed":[140],"directly":[141],"above":[142],"examined":[144],"defect.":[145],"experimental":[147],"presented":[151],"discussed":[153],"this":[155],"paper.":[156],"conducted":[158],"study":[159],"can":[160],"serve,":[161],"example,":[163],"as":[164],"an":[165],"input":[166],"database":[167],"defect":[169],"signals":[170],"geometry":[174,188],"increase":[176],"convergence":[178],"learning":[180],"networks":[181],"prediction":[185],"real":[190],"(fatigue":[191],"stress-corrosion)":[193],"defects.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}