{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382865433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136047","title":"Effects of Harvesting Grabbing Type on Grabbing Force and Leaf Injury of Lettuce","display_name":"Effects of Harvesting Grabbing Type on Grabbing Force and Leaf Injury of Lettuce","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382865433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136047","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6047/pdf?version=1688359534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6047/pdf?version=1688359534","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109524189","display_name":"Yidong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yidong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104138047","display_name":"Pengzhan Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengzhan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636172","display_name":"Xinping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101561463","display_name":"Xin Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025459035","display_name":"Huankun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6855-8893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huankun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038013079","display_name":"Chao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9891-0605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109524189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8940105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"6047","last_page":"6047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9376000165939331,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-grabbing","display_name":"Land grabbing","score":0.5779341459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5424154996871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.46090447902679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.28215426206588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2626798152923584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778017510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801901","display_name":"Land grabbing","level":3,"score":0.5779341459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5424154996871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.46090447902679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28215426206588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2626798152923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D014675","descriptor_name":"Vegetables","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014675","descriptor_name":"Vegetables","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014675","descriptor_name":"Vegetables","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014675","descriptor_name":"Vegetables","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014675","descriptor_name":"Vegetables","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018527","descriptor_name":"Hydroponics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018527","descriptor_name":"Hydroponics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018527","descriptor_name":"Hydroponics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018527","descriptor_name":"Hydroponics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018527","descriptor_name":"Hydroponics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6047/pdf?version=1688359534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346448","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346448/pdf/sensors-23-06047.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef1466ed661e466180f14bff2764c2cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef1466ed661e466180f14bff2764c2cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 6047 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/6047/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 6047","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23136047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6047/pdf?version=1688359534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2864448125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52105252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4476238879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4796136033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12102110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5072235292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"212102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327051","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382865433.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W824282284","https://openalex.org/W2042263593","https://openalex.org/W2313144114","https://openalex.org/W2332892696","https://openalex.org/W2460932557","https://openalex.org/W2605105268","https://openalex.org/W2913327203","https://openalex.org/W2948594986","https://openalex.org/W3041665463","https://openalex.org/W3110382571","https://openalex.org/W3110914851","https://openalex.org/W3185668241","https://openalex.org/W3197839474","https://openalex.org/W4233237808","https://openalex.org/W4290466615","https://openalex.org/W4308522325","https://openalex.org/W4313409807","https://openalex.org/W4313640417","https://openalex.org/W4360615469","https://openalex.org/W4366284279","https://openalex.org/W6719345661","https://openalex.org/W6786578971","https://openalex.org/W6800267591","https://openalex.org/W6987952972","https://openalex.org/W7008714071","https://openalex.org/W7058378640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902374337","https://openalex.org/W3029699959","https://openalex.org/W2006856506","https://openalex.org/W2802274197","https://openalex.org/W2993135798","https://openalex.org/W2763328432","https://openalex.org/W4388990175","https://openalex.org/W2780645805","https://openalex.org/W3003852039","https://openalex.org/W1605349531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hydroponic":[0],"lettuce":[1,38],"is":[2,21],"the":[3,26,33,41,44,50,54,57,76,93,96,99,102,123,129,133,137,144,154,158,170,173,178,183,197,201,207,212,216,224,228,235,239,243,247,250,259,264],"main":[4],"cultivated":[5],"leafy":[6],"vegetable":[7],"in":[8,25,62,110],"plant":[9],"factories,":[10],"and":[11,17,53,69,98,118,132,153,177,249],"its":[12],"scattered":[13],"leaves":[14,59,82,97,159,217,240,248],"are":[15,107],"delicate":[16],"easily":[18],"injured.":[19],"Harvesting":[20],"an":[22,163,271],"important":[23],"process":[24],"production":[27],"of":[28,36,43,56,80,92,95,101,125,136,142,157,172,182,191,199,206,215,230,238,246,263,274],"hydroponic":[29,37],"lettuce.":[30,202],"To":[31],"reduce":[32],"injury":[34,155,244,261],"level":[35],"during":[39],"harvesting,":[40],"impacts":[42],"flexible":[45,85,126,145,185,193,208,231],"finger-grabbing":[46,86],"position":[47],"applied":[48],"on":[49,83,211,223,234],"grabbing":[51,105,128,174,189,204,251],"force":[52,140,175,190,205,252],"area":[55,135,156,245,262],"injured":[58],"were":[60,88,147],"investigated":[61],"this":[63,111],"study":[64],"by":[65,149],"utilizing":[66],"thin-film":[67],"sensors":[68],"a":[70],"high-speed":[71],"video":[72],"camera.":[73],"According":[74],"to":[75,109,122],"overlapping":[77],"structural":[78],"characteristics":[79],"adjacent":[81],"lettuce,":[84],"positions":[87],"divided":[89],"into":[90],"areas":[91,214,237],"surface":[94,131],"intersections":[100],"leaves.":[103,138],"Three":[104],"types-which":[106],"referred":[108],"paper":[112],"as":[113],"Grabbing":[114,255],"Types":[115],"A,":[116],"B,":[117],"C-were":[119],"identified":[120],"according":[121],"number":[124,229],"fingers":[127,146,209,232],"leaf":[130,225],"intersection":[134,213,236],"The":[139,167,187,203],"curves":[141,176],"all":[143],"measured":[148],"thin":[150],"film":[151],"sensors,":[152],"was":[160,218],"detected":[161],"using":[162],"image":[164],"processing":[165],"method.":[166],"results":[168],"showed":[169],"consistency":[171],"motion":[179],"characteristic":[180],"parameters":[181],"four":[184],"fingers.":[186],"maximum":[188],"each":[192],"finger":[194],"appeared":[195],"at":[196],"stage":[198],"pulling":[200],"acting":[210,222,233],"less":[219],"than":[220],"that":[221],"surface.":[226],"As":[227],"increased,":[241],"both":[242],"decreased":[253],"gradually.":[254],"Type":[256],"C":[257],"had":[258],"smallest":[260],"leaves:":[265],"120.3":[266],"\u00b1":[267],"13.6":[268],"mm<sup>2</sup>":[269],"with":[270],"11.4%":[272],"coefficient":[273],"variation.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
