{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382727998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135992","title":"STMS-YOLOv5: A Lightweight Algorithm for Gear Surface Defect Detection","display_name":"STMS-YOLOv5: A Lightweight Algorithm for Gear Surface Defect Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382727998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135992","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135992","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5992/pdf?version=1688042034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5992/pdf?version=1688042034","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6680-4691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6680-4691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088098810","display_name":"Rangyong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3170-840X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rangyong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3170-840X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076361698","display_name":"Jinqiang Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-6598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinqiang Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-6598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075029094","display_name":"Huijuan Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5421-2816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijuan Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5421-2816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100753567","display_name":"Wenjie Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3033-311X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3033-311X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoyan Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2567-1529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2567-1529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092371311","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7083-6644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7083-6644","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076361698","https://openalex.org/A5088098810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.7588,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94938139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5992","last_page":"5992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.7102786898612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.652571439743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.58503258228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5749427676200867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.5221151113510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.477143257856369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4726516306400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.47108280658721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.4693898558616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3098949193954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2921687364578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22884714603424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.1929105818271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.15525874495506287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.7102786898612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.652571439743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.58503258228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5749427676200867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.5221151113510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.477143257856369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4726516306400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47108280658721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.4693898558616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3098949193954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2921687364578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22884714603424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.1929105818271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.15525874495506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007221","descriptor_name":"Industry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007221","descriptor_name":"Industry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007221","descriptor_name":"Industry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135992","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5992/pdf?version=1688042034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346955","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346955/pdf/sensors-23-05992.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b0560b1346243c9b320b7d95686866c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b0560b1346243c9b320b7d95686866c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5992 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5992/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5992","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135992","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5992/pdf?version=1688042034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2067128183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018CXGC0601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2222051361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2393251582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TC200802C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2595388822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022MF279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5470711143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QF131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382727998.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2092072518","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2989896028","https://openalex.org/W3022430593","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3034713821","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3092600573","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3110819769","https://openalex.org/W3120371870","https://openalex.org/W3126281026","https://openalex.org/W3163567756","https://openalex.org/W3192868862","https://openalex.org/W3211193475","https://openalex.org/W4200236189","https://openalex.org/W4200466552","https://openalex.org/W4206391615","https://openalex.org/W4210830616","https://openalex.org/W4214896879","https://openalex.org/W4220968151","https://openalex.org/W4291653445","https://openalex.org/W4307935528","https://openalex.org/W4308607383","https://openalex.org/W4310711376","https://openalex.org/W4312195514","https://openalex.org/W4328027030","https://openalex.org/W4362471027","https://openalex.org/W6762585180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"deep-learning-based":[1],"object":[2],"detection":[3,14],"algorithms":[4],"exhibit":[5],"low":[6],"speeds":[7],"and":[8,21,60,134,139,150,156,164,169,175],"accuracy":[9,95],"in":[10,40,88,114,181],"gear":[11,32,138],"surface":[12,33,142],"defect":[13,34,143,183],"due":[15],"to":[16,52,71,91,118],"their":[17],"high":[18],"computational":[19],"costs":[20],"complex":[22],"structures.":[23],"To":[24],"solve":[25],"this":[26,41],"problem,":[27],"a":[28],"lightweight":[29,100],"model":[30,122,180],"for":[31,93],"detection,":[35],"namely":[36],"STMS-YOLOv5,":[37],"is":[38,47,69,86,105],"proposed":[39],"paper.":[42],"Firstly,":[43],"the":[44,50,54,61,73,77,80,89,94,99,103,108,115,121,137,160,173,179],"ShuffleNetv2":[45],"module":[46],"employed":[48],"as":[49,107],"backbone":[51],"reduce":[53],"giga":[55],"floating-point":[56],"operations":[57],"per":[58,130],"second":[59,131],"number":[62,147],"of":[63,76,132,148,178],"parameters.":[64],"Secondly,":[65],"transposed":[66],"convolution":[67],"upsampling":[68],"used":[70],"enhance":[72],"learning":[74],"capability":[75,177],"network.":[78],"Thirdly,":[79],"max":[81],"efficient":[82],"channel":[83],"attention":[84],"mechanism":[85],"embedded":[87],"neck":[90],"compensate":[92],"loss":[96,112],"caused":[97],"by":[98,154],"backbone.":[101],"Finally,":[102],"SIOU_Loss":[104],"adopted":[106],"bounding":[109],"box":[110],"regression":[111],"function":[113],"prediction":[116],"part":[117],"speed":[119],"up":[120],"convergence.":[123],"Experiments":[124],"show":[125],"that":[126],"STMS-YOLOv5":[127],"achieves":[128],"frames":[129],"130.4":[133],"133.5":[135],"on":[136],"NEU-DET":[140],"steel":[141],"datasets,":[144],"respectively.":[145,166],"The":[146],"parameters":[149],"GFLOPs":[151],"are":[152],"reduced":[153],"44.4%":[155],"50.31%,":[157],"respectively,":[158],"while":[159],"mAP@0.5":[161],"reaches":[162],"98.6%":[163],"73.5%,":[165],"Extensive":[167],"ablation":[168],"comparative":[170],"experiments":[171],"validate":[172],"effectiveness":[174],"generalization":[176],"industrial":[182],"detection.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-30T09:04:40.226872","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}