{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382402972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135955","title":"New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids","display_name":"New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382402972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135955","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5955/pdf?version=1687853681","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5955/pdf?version=1687853681","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044798004","display_name":"Abderrahim Khamlichi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7738-3706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110703","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/01y04h970","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110703"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127689","display_name":"Foundation for the Research Development and Application of Composite Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/047223947","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127689"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abderrahim Khamlichi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Electr\u00f3nica, Autom\u00e1tica y F\u00edsica Aplicada, ETSIDI, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain","Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial, FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, 28906 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Electr\u00f3nica, Autom\u00e1tica y F\u00edsica Aplicada, ETSIDI, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial, FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, 28906 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127689","https://openalex.org/I4210110703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076162023","display_name":"Fernando Garnacho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110703","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/01y04h970","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110703"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127689","display_name":"Foundation for the Research Development and Application of Composite Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/047223947","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127689"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Garnacho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Electr\u00f3nica, Autom\u00e1tica y F\u00edsica Aplicada, ETSIDI, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain","Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial, FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, 28906 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Electr\u00f3nica, Autom\u00e1tica y F\u00edsica Aplicada, ETSIDI, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial, FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, 28906 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127689","https://openalex.org/I4210110703"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019744365","display_name":"Pascual Sim\u00f3n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110703","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/01y04h970","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110703"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127689","display_name":"Foundation for the Research Development and Application of Composite Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/047223947","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127689"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascual Sim\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial, FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, 28906 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Innovaci\u00f3n Industrial, FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, 28906 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127689","https://openalex.org/I4210110703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044798004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110703","https://openalex.org/I4210127689","https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9097,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69490913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5955","last_page":"5955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-discharge","display_name":"Partial discharge","score":0.8222002983093262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-transformer","display_name":"Current transformer","score":0.7338637113571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5701733231544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-analyzer","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","score":0.5490940809249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.53858482837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4867813289165497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4813709855079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rogowski-coil","display_name":"Rogowski coil","score":0.4732509255409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4658663272857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metrology","display_name":"Metrology","score":0.4593963325023651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4487992227077484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4487699866294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.379650354385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3784005641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.3424605131149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24092090129852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11190122365951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09199458360671997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130143024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929972","display_name":"Partial discharge","level":3,"score":0.8222002983093262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133770746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856535","display_name":"Current transformer","level":4,"score":0.7338637113571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5701733231544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158007255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055222","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","level":2,"score":0.5490940809249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.53858482837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4867813289165497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4813709855079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56057290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2117622","display_name":"Rogowski coil","level":3,"score":0.4732509255409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4658663272857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195766429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394","display_name":"Metrology","level":2,"score":0.4593963325023651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4487992227077484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4487699866294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.379650354385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3784005641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.3424605131149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24092090129852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11190122365951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09199458360671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5955/pdf?version=1687853681","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346474","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346474/pdf/sensors-23-05955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ed4843fd82647dcbbf7f4ba8bfa660d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ed4843fd82647dcbbf7f4ba8bfa660d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5955 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5955/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5955","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5955/pdf?version=1687853681","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4531251597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19ENG02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338394","funder_display_name":"European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338394","display_name":"European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382402972.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002610002","https://openalex.org/W2080813206","https://openalex.org/W2171353752","https://openalex.org/W2295071068","https://openalex.org/W2508693250","https://openalex.org/W2515917667","https://openalex.org/W2578513661","https://openalex.org/W2771936398","https://openalex.org/W2911948166","https://openalex.org/W2972363742","https://openalex.org/W2976288931","https://openalex.org/W2999074734","https://openalex.org/W3025372677","https://openalex.org/W3042877945","https://openalex.org/W3111381467","https://openalex.org/W3137254372","https://openalex.org/W3183256220","https://openalex.org/W3194052897","https://openalex.org/W3205855378","https://openalex.org/W4200316854","https://openalex.org/W4205845894","https://openalex.org/W4220687199","https://openalex.org/W4224298822","https://openalex.org/W4225307090","https://openalex.org/W4252984951","https://openalex.org/W4308100335","https://openalex.org/W4320494015","https://openalex.org/W4327962955","https://openalex.org/W6806078661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200562033","https://openalex.org/W2133409896","https://openalex.org/W2529638950","https://openalex.org/W2096079525","https://openalex.org/W2413837321","https://openalex.org/W1999495216","https://openalex.org/W2147709878","https://openalex.org/W2792549605","https://openalex.org/W2588890427","https://openalex.org/W2114256252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,121],"synthetic":[1,57,166],"partial":[2],"discharge":[3],"(PD)":[4],"calibrator":[5,59,168,203],"has":[6],"been":[7],"developed":[8],"to":[9,181,185,209,244],"qualify":[10],"PD":[11,33,58,62,108,113,131,150,162,167,202,232],"analyzers":[12,34,114],"used":[13],"for":[14,137],"insulation":[15],"diagnosis":[16,50],"of":[17,46,65,96,111,147,170,223,230,239,260],"HVAC":[18],"and":[19,30,49,107,157,221],"HVDC":[20,31],"grids":[21],"including":[22],"cable":[23],"systems,":[24],"AIS,":[25],"GIS,":[26],"GIL,":[27],"power":[28],"transformers,":[29],"converters.":[32],"that":[35,174,204,211],"use":[36],"high-frequency":[37],"current":[38,132,163,178,191,213],"transformers":[39],"(HFCT)":[40],"can":[41,60,118],"be":[42,119],"qualified":[43],"by":[44,94,194,251],"means":[45,95],"the":[47,66,112,144,153,160,201,212,216,219,224,228,231,240,246,257,261,265],"metrological":[48],"tests":[51],"arranged":[52],"in":[53,84,88,91,99,264],"this":[54],"calibrator.":[55],"This":[56],"reproduce":[61],"pulse":[63,133,151,172],"trains":[64],"same":[67,154,217],"sequence":[68],"as":[69,143,159],"actual":[70,161],"representative":[71],"defects":[72],"(cavity,":[73],"surface,":[74],"floating":[75],"potential,":[76],"corona,":[77],"SF6":[78,80],"protrusion,":[79],"jumping":[81],"particles,":[82],"bubbles":[83],"oil,":[85],"etc.)":[86],"acquired":[87],"HV":[89,100],"equipment":[90],"service":[92],"or":[93],"measurements":[97],"made":[98],"laboratory":[101],"test":[102],"cells.":[103],"The":[104,165,189],"diagnostic":[105],"capabilities":[106],"measurement":[109,197],"errors":[110],"using":[115,256],"HFCT":[116,207,229,241,262],"sensors":[117,208],"determined.":[120],"new":[122],"time":[123],"parameter,":[124],"\u201cPD":[125],"Time\u201d,":[126],"associated":[127],"with":[128,152],"any":[129],"arbitrary":[130],"i(t)":[134],"is":[135,141,192,215,234,249],"introduced":[136],"calibration":[138,225],"purposes.":[139],"It":[140],"defined":[142],"equivalent":[145],"width":[146],"a":[148,171,177,195],"rectangular":[149],"charge":[155],"value":[156],"amplitude":[158],"pulse.":[164],"consists":[169],"generator":[173],"operates":[175],"on":[176],"loop":[179],"matched":[180],"50":[182],"\u03a9":[183],"impedance":[184,259],"avoid":[186],"unwanted":[187],"reflections.":[188],"injected":[190],"measured":[193],"reference":[196],"system":[198],"built":[199],"into":[200],"uses":[205],"two":[206],"ensure":[210],"signal":[214,243,248],"at":[218],"input":[220,247],"output":[222,242],"cage":[226],"where":[227],"analyzer":[233],"being":[235],"calibrated.":[236],"Signal":[237],"reconstruction":[238],"achieve":[245],"achieved":[250],"applying":[252],"state":[253],"variable":[254],"theory":[255],"transfer":[258],"sensor":[263],"frequency":[266],"domain.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
