{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382464344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135914","title":"Smart Farming Revolution: Portable and Real-Time Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Monitoring for Sustainable Agriculture","display_name":"Smart Farming Revolution: Portable and Real-Time Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Monitoring for Sustainable Agriculture","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382464344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135914","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5914/pdf?version=1687769319","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5914/pdf?version=1687769319","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082957370","display_name":"Harpreet Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2365-538X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harpreet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Aviv 6997801, Israel","TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2365-538X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Aviv 6997801, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005842042","display_name":"Nirmalya Halder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nirmalya Halder","raw_affiliation_strings":["TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100869487","display_name":"Baldeep Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baldeep Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103265695","display_name":"Jaskaran Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-5354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaskaran Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101322196","display_name":"Shrey Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shrey Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038105758","display_name":"Yosi Shacham\u2010Diamand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL","IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yosi Shacham-Diamand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Aviv 6997801, Israel","TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Aviv 6997801, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TAU/TIET Food Security Centre of Excellence, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038105758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827","https://openalex.org/I16391192"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":17.0874,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99259353,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5914","last_page":"5914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.947700023651123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9144999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorimeter","display_name":"Colorimeter","score":0.7053975462913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility","display_name":"Soil fertility","score":0.679335355758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.6780097484588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6743667721748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient","display_name":"Nutrient","score":0.6313350796699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.5519425868988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-test","display_name":"Soil test","score":0.548967719078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.5474775433540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorus","display_name":"Phosphorus","score":0.4674573540687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.43995317816734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"Food security","score":0.4293179214000702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-management","display_name":"Nutrient management","score":0.4156442880630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-agriculture","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","score":0.4151461124420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.3245081603527069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.2642500698566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2175157070159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.20461726188659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.14148065447807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12026989459991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11356258392333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.07356023788452148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156423089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374869","display_name":"Colorimeter","level":2,"score":0.7053975462913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38774213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080","display_name":"Soil fertility","level":3,"score":0.679335355758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6780097484588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6743667721748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.6313350796699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5519425868988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50516716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107","display_name":"Soil test","level":3,"score":0.548967719078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5474775433540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510538283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674","display_name":"Phosphorus","level":2,"score":0.4674573540687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43995317816734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.4293179214000702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105462344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17142554","display_name":"Nutrient management","level":3,"score":0.4156442880630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.4151461124420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3245081603527069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.2642500698566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2175157070159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.20461726188659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14148065447807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12026989459991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11356258392333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.07356023788452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005308","descriptor_name":"Fertilizers","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005308","descriptor_name":"Fertilizers","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005308","descriptor_name":"Fertilizers","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010758","descriptor_name":"Phosphorus","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010758","descriptor_name":"Phosphorus","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010758","descriptor_name":"Phosphorus","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5914/pdf?version=1687769319","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346605","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346605/pdf/sensors-23-05914.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3271293fc8f14b98bf6875fa5d2a9660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3271293fc8f14b98bf6875fa5d2a9660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5914 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5914/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5914","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5914/pdf?version=1687769319","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329994","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382464344.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997307315","https://openalex.org/W2017550872","https://openalex.org/W2084788596","https://openalex.org/W2170202590","https://openalex.org/W2504833738","https://openalex.org/W2604240511","https://openalex.org/W3031003905","https://openalex.org/W3045818689","https://openalex.org/W3087665109","https://openalex.org/W3130254052","https://openalex.org/W3203696367","https://openalex.org/W4293101289","https://openalex.org/W4306252814","https://openalex.org/W4308312684","https://openalex.org/W4312067237","https://openalex.org/W4316499863","https://openalex.org/W4319019633","https://openalex.org/W4320515718","https://openalex.org/W4320921671","https://openalex.org/W4321487207","https://openalex.org/W4322499819","https://openalex.org/W6703938419","https://openalex.org/W6884974838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3158270159","https://openalex.org/W3082687810","https://openalex.org/W1491890897","https://openalex.org/W4297995830","https://openalex.org/W2156710280","https://openalex.org/W3109802743","https://openalex.org/W4318559682","https://openalex.org/W2911359266","https://openalex.org/W3082706872","https://openalex.org/W4382464344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precision":[0],"agriculture":[1],"is":[2,43,121,215],"crucial":[3,227],"for":[4,45,77],"ensuring":[5],"food":[6],"security":[7],"in":[8,22,145,178,185,191,223,229],"a":[9,117,133],"growing":[10],"global":[11],"population.":[12],"Nutrients,":[13],"their":[14],"presence,":[15],"concentration,":[16],"and":[17,27,36,50,72,87,100,107,127,165,233],"effectiveness,":[18],"are":[19,85,151,160,168],"key":[20],"components":[21],"data-driven":[23],"agriculture.":[24],"Assessing":[25],"macro":[26],"micro-nutrients,":[28],"as":[29,31,34],"well":[30],"factors":[32],"such":[33],"water":[35],"pH,":[37],"helps":[38],"determine":[39],"soil":[40,55,82,95,112,131,141],"fertility,":[41],"which":[42,150,186,205],"vital":[44],"supporting":[46],"healthy":[47],"plant":[48],"growth":[49],"high":[51],"crop":[52],"yields.":[53],"Insufficient":[54],"nutrient":[56,96],"assessment":[57],"during":[58],"continuous":[59],"cropping":[60],"can":[61],"threaten":[62],"long-term":[63],"agricultural":[64],"viability.":[65],"Soil":[66],"nutrients":[67],"need":[68],"to":[69,93,103,123],"be":[70],"measured":[71,154],"replenished":[73],"after":[74],"each":[75],"harvest":[76],"optimal":[78,111],"yield.":[79],"However,":[80],"existing":[81],"testing":[83],"procedures":[84],"expensive":[86],"time-consuming.":[88],"The":[89,157,202,220],"proposed":[90],"research":[91],"aims":[92],"assess":[94],"levels,":[97],"specifically":[98],"nitrogen":[99],"phosphorus":[101],"concentrations,":[102],"provide":[104],"critical":[105],"information":[106],"guidance":[108],"on":[109],"restoring":[110],"fertility.":[113],"In":[114],"this":[115,224],"research,":[116],"novel":[118],"chip-level":[119],"colorimeter":[120,135],"fabricated":[122],"detect":[124],"the":[125,146,166,199,207,213,218],"N":[126],"P":[128],"elements":[129],"of":[130,148,173,209,231],"onto":[132],"handheld":[134],"or":[136],"spectrophotometer.":[137],"Chemical":[138],"reaction":[139],"with":[140,170],"solution":[142],"generates":[143],"color":[144],"presence":[147,208],"nutrients,":[149],"then":[152],"quantitatively":[153],"using":[155,175],"sensors.":[156],"test":[158,181],"samples":[159,174],"collected":[161],"from":[162],"various":[163],"farmlands,":[164],"results":[167],"validated":[169],"laboratory":[171],"analysis":[172],"spectrophotometers":[176],"used":[177],"laboratories.":[179],"ANOVA":[180],"has":[182,226],"been":[183],"performed":[184],"F":[187],"value":[188],">":[189],"1":[190],"our":[192],"study":[193],"indicates":[194],"statistically":[195],"significant":[196,210],"differences":[197,211],"between":[198,212],"group":[200],"means.":[201],"alternate":[203],"hypothesis,":[204],"proposes":[206],"groups,":[214],"supported":[216],"by":[217],"data.":[219],"device":[221],"created":[222],"paper":[225],"potential":[228],"terms":[230],"environmental":[232],"biological":[234],"applications.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}