{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382136447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135903","title":"Fruit Detection and Counting in Apple Orchards Based on Improved Yolov7 and Multi-Object Tracking Methods","display_name":"Fruit Detection and Counting in Apple Orchards Based on Improved Yolov7 and Multi-Object Tracking Methods","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382136447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135903","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135903","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5903/pdf?version=1687751609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5903/pdf?version=1687751609","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044213925","display_name":"Jing Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0095-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14116566","display_name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05w0e5j23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020785717","display_name":"Chuang Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6623-8622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14116566","display_name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05w0e5j23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuang Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6623-8622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092271803","display_name":"Zhoupu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14116566","display_name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05w0e5j23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhoupu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105939666","display_name":"Jinglin Ruan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14116566","display_name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05w0e5j23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinglin Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100572544","display_name":"Suyin Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14116566","display_name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05w0e5j23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suyin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020785717"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14116566"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":10.7602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98289666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5903","last_page":"5903"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9578999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7054508328437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.6856798529624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6828608512878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6168212890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6111506223678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.4992542266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.47957080602645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.477153480052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4588530659675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.45391255617141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.41814762353897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38988450169563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1810583472251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14259740710258484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7054508328437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.6856798529624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6828608512878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6168212890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6111506223678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.4992542266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.47957080602645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.477153480052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4588530659675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.45391255617141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.41814762353897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38988450169563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1810583472251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14259740710258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007221","descriptor_name":"Industry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D027845","descriptor_name":"Malus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135903","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5903/pdf?version=1687751609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10347148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10347148","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10347148/pdf/sensors-23-05903.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f4facc3b15e4d7b9181fed818ec9ed5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f4facc3b15e4d7b9181fed818ec9ed5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5903 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5903/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5903","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135903","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5903/pdf?version=1687751609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382136447.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1985654292","https://openalex.org/W2087877962","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2133169919","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2396098103","https://openalex.org/W2559204099","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2606797870","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2811124322","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2937423351","https://openalex.org/W2954277757","https://openalex.org/W3020187385","https://openalex.org/W3082775180","https://openalex.org/W3093730862","https://openalex.org/W3104218139","https://openalex.org/W3106763294","https://openalex.org/W3126875673","https://openalex.org/W3172752666","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W4213169361","https://openalex.org/W4288421054","https://openalex.org/W4307823382","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6757554431","https://openalex.org/W6790323561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361805396","https://openalex.org/W2972254340","https://openalex.org/W2022231341","https://openalex.org/W1805912688","https://openalex.org/W4255476312","https://openalex.org/W2373973507","https://openalex.org/W4250902763","https://openalex.org/W2965594636","https://openalex.org/W2810129309","https://openalex.org/W2912550626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,34,66,88,103,174,243,258],"increasing":[2],"popularity":[3],"of":[4,37,68,106,137],"online":[5],"fruit":[6,10,38,144,247,259],"sales,":[7],"accurately":[8],"predicting":[9],"yields":[11],"has":[12,242],"become":[13],"crucial":[14],"for":[15,32,213,255],"optimizing":[16],"logistics":[17],"and":[18,26,50,85,127,129,132,162,168,181,191,251],"storage":[19],"strategies.":[20],"However,":[21],"existing":[22],"manual":[23],"vision-based":[24],"systems":[25],"sensor":[27],"methods":[28,157,206,250],"have":[29,59,253],"proven":[30],"inadequate":[31],"solving":[33],"complex":[35,150],"problem":[36],"yield":[39,248],"counting,":[40],"as":[41,47,61,83],"they":[42],"struggle":[43],"with":[44,113,221],"issues":[45],"such":[46,82],"crop":[48],"overlap":[49],"variable":[51],"lighting":[52],"conditions.":[53],"Recently":[54],"CNN-based":[55],"object":[56,117],"detection":[57,118],"models":[58],"emerged":[60],"a":[62,97,109,115,135,178,186,208],"promising":[63],"solution":[64],"in":[65,76,149,189,194,211,257],"field":[67],"computer":[69],"vision,":[70],"but":[71],"their":[72],"effectiveness":[73],"is":[74,130],"limited":[75],"agricultural":[77],"scenarios":[78],"due":[79],"to":[80,142,198,245],"challenges":[81],"occlusion":[84],"dissimilarity":[86],"among":[87],"same":[89],"fruits.":[90],"To":[91],"address":[92],"this":[93],"issue,":[94],"we":[95,152],"propose":[96],"novel":[98],"variant":[99],"model":[100,121,176,241],"that":[101,173,238],"combines":[102],"self-attentive":[104],"mechanism":[105],"Vision":[107],"Transform,":[108],"non-CNN":[110],"network":[111],"architecture,":[112],"Yolov7,":[114],"state-of-the-art":[116],"model.":[119],"Our":[120,170],"utilizes":[122],"two":[123,154],"attention":[124],"mechanisms,":[125],"CBAM":[126],"CA,":[128],"trained":[131],"tested":[133],"on":[134,159],"dataset":[136],"apple":[138],"images.":[139],"In":[140],"order":[141],"enable":[143],"counting":[145,215],"across":[146,216],"video":[147],"frames":[148],"environments,":[151],"incorporate":[153],"multi-objective":[155],"tracking":[156,205,233],"based":[158],"Kalman":[160],"filtering":[161],"motion":[163],"trajectory":[164],"prediction,":[165],"namely":[166],"SORT,":[167],"Cascade-SORT.":[169],"results":[171],"show":[172],"Yolov7-CA":[175],"achieved":[177,229],"91.3%":[179],"mAP":[180,190],"0.85":[182],"F1":[183,195],"score,":[184],"representing":[185],"4%":[187],"improvement":[188,193,210,224],"0.02":[192],"score":[196],"compared":[197],"using":[199,226,230],"Yolov7":[200],"alone.":[201],"Furthermore,":[202],"three":[203,218],"multi-object":[204,232],"demonstrated":[207],"significant":[209],"MAE":[212],"inter-frame":[214],"all":[217],"test":[219],"videos,":[220],"an":[222],"0.642":[223],"over":[225],"yolov7":[227],"alone":[228],"our":[231,239],"method.":[234],"These":[235],"findings":[236],"suggest":[237],"proposed":[240],"potential":[244],"improve":[246],"assessment":[249],"could":[252],"implications":[254],"decision-making":[256],"industry.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
