{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382134860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135900","title":"Uncertainty of Standardized Track Insulation Measurement Methods for Stray Current Assessment","display_name":"Uncertainty of Standardized Track Insulation Measurement Methods for Stray Current Assessment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382134860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135900","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5900/pdf?version=1687760102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5900/pdf?version=1687760102","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063390341","display_name":"Sahil Bhagat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3733-8909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahil Bhagat","raw_affiliation_strings":["DITEN, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3733-8909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DITEN, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022668646","display_name":"Jacopo Bongiorno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0699-6828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205887594","display_name":"Rina Services (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/0562tzd79","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205887594"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacopo Bongiorno","raw_affiliation_strings":["RINA Services S.p.A., 16138 Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0699-6828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RINA Services S.p.A., 16138 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205887594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069618209","display_name":"Andrea Mariscotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-7305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Mariscotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["DITEN, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-7305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DITEN, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069618209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3755,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80152459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5900","last_page":"5900"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.7317469120025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.606421947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stray-voltage","display_name":"Stray voltage","score":0.5319260358810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-commissioning","display_name":"Project commissioning","score":0.5193608403205872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4858991503715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.4705291986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40693193674087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3889788091182709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.37292060256004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.21948972344398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.184573233127594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.7317469120025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.606421947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148237231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657444","display_name":"Stray voltage","level":3,"score":0.5319260358810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165347436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514547","display_name":"Project commissioning","level":3,"score":0.5193608403205872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4858991503715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.4705291986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40693193674087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3889788091182709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.37292060256004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21948972344398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.184573233127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5900/pdf?version=1687760102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1134596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1134596","pdf_url":"https://iris.unige.it/bitstream/11567/1134596/1/MDPI_sensors-23-05900_Track-insulation-measurement-uncertainty.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346591","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346591/pdf/sensors-23-05900.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:004a11101508471c8efe25b21d8f504e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/004a11101508471c8efe25b21d8f504e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5900 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5900/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5900","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5900/pdf?version=1687760102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382134860.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020552573","https://openalex.org/W2065011546","https://openalex.org/W2100743635","https://openalex.org/W2131789504","https://openalex.org/W2141622581","https://openalex.org/W2156471109","https://openalex.org/W2166005830","https://openalex.org/W2340124893","https://openalex.org/W2564460082","https://openalex.org/W2615972953","https://openalex.org/W2890809151","https://openalex.org/W2901682633","https://openalex.org/W2911207423","https://openalex.org/W2915677541","https://openalex.org/W2986944452","https://openalex.org/W2991375237","https://openalex.org/W3014138639","https://openalex.org/W3045835017","https://openalex.org/W3088466729","https://openalex.org/W3089045240","https://openalex.org/W3104321422","https://openalex.org/W3108398598","https://openalex.org/W3110314782","https://openalex.org/W3118769165","https://openalex.org/W3120029668","https://openalex.org/W3167493537","https://openalex.org/W3172172756","https://openalex.org/W3201062396","https://openalex.org/W3206316968","https://openalex.org/W4210639126","https://openalex.org/W4229788639","https://openalex.org/W4285203377","https://openalex.org/W4293005410","https://openalex.org/W4312105662","https://openalex.org/W4319234528","https://openalex.org/W4379805883","https://openalex.org/W4381485762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007305290","https://openalex.org/W2370449343","https://openalex.org/W1603037600","https://openalex.org/W2565024283","https://openalex.org/W2388144016","https://openalex.org/W2105377682","https://openalex.org/W2767730665","https://openalex.org/W2020561139","https://openalex.org/W2509471618","https://openalex.org/W4250782080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stray":[0],"current":[1,59],"is":[2,52,108,137],"a":[3,116],"relevant":[4],"phenomenon":[5],"in":[6,81],"particular":[7],"for":[8,56,121],"DC":[9],"electrified":[10],"transportation":[11],"systems,":[12],"affecting":[13],"track":[14,50],"and":[15,22,25,32,62,91,96,127,134,167],"infrastructure":[16],"within":[17],"the":[18,33,53,82,100,130,146,152,155],"right":[19],"of":[20,35,49,105,119,129,132,143,154],"way":[21],"other":[23],"structures":[24],"installations":[26],"nearby.":[27],"It":[28],"worsens":[29],"with":[30,145],"time":[31],"level":[34,118],"protection":[36],"depends":[37],"on":[38,163],"timely":[39],"maintenance,":[40],"as":[41,43],"well":[42],"correct":[44],"design":[45],"choices.":[46],"The":[47,103],"assessment":[48],"insulation":[51,120],"starting":[54],"point":[55],"both":[57],"stray":[58],"monitoring":[60],"systems":[61],"at":[63],"commissioning":[64],"or":[65,74],"upon":[66],"major":[67],"changes.":[68],"Standardized":[69],"methods":[70,107],"(ref.":[71],"EN":[72],"50122-2":[73],"IEC":[75],"62128-2)":[76],"have":[77],"been":[78],"almost":[79],"unchanged":[80],"last":[83],"20":[84],"years":[85],"but":[86,158],"suffer":[87],"from":[88],"accuracy":[89,153],"issues":[90],"variability":[92,133],"due":[93],"to":[94,150,160],"parameters":[95],"conditions":[97],"not":[98,148],"under":[99],"operator's":[101],"control.":[102],"uncertainty":[104],"test":[106],"increasingly":[109],"important":[110],"now":[111],"that":[112],"contractual":[113],"specifications":[114],"require":[115],"high":[117],"new":[122],"systems.":[123],"A":[124],"critical":[125],"discussion":[126],"analysis":[128],"sources":[131],"practical":[135],"constraints":[136],"proposed,":[138],"followed":[139],"by":[140],"an":[141],"evaluation":[142],"uncertainty,":[144],"objective":[147],"only":[149],"assess":[151],"provided":[156],"results,":[157],"also":[159],"foster":[161],"research":[162],"innovative,":[164],"more":[165],"flexible":[166],"accurate":[168],"methods.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}