{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382134536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135871","title":"Miniaturized Antenna Array-Based Novel Metamaterial Technology for Reconfigurable MIMO Systems","display_name":"Miniaturized Antenna Array-Based Novel Metamaterial Technology for Reconfigurable MIMO Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382134536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135871","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135871","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5871/pdf?version=1687759664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5871/pdf?version=1687759664","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089452054","display_name":"Humam Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8452-4511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173761726","display_name":"Karab\u00fck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wy7gp54","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humam Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8452-4511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023408201","display_name":"Ferhat Atasoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-0593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173761726","display_name":"Karab\u00fck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wy7gp54","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferhat Atasoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-0593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015460541","display_name":"Taha A. Elwi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8389-5457"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taha A. Elwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Applied and Theoretical Research Center (IATRC), Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8389-5457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Applied and Theoretical Research Center (IATRC), Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015460541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":15.2541,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98502483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5871","last_page":"5871"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.517268717288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.45457524061203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-factor","display_name":"Antenna factor","score":0.4502533972263336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41035354137420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.4072376489639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3943291902542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34558457136154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33013325929641724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.517268717288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.45457524061203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196931383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771253","display_name":"Antenna factor","level":4,"score":0.4502533972263336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41035354137420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.4072376489639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3943291902542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34558457136154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33013325929641724}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135871","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5871/pdf?version=1687759664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346162","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346162/pdf/sensors-23-05871.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:04698fb7fd004ecd9ce38ba3e59766b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/04698fb7fd004ecd9ce38ba3e59766b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5871 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5871/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5871","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135871","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5871/pdf?version=1687759664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382134536.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2613085824","https://openalex.org/W2750872065","https://openalex.org/W2885464296","https://openalex.org/W2910066905","https://openalex.org/W2939405521","https://openalex.org/W3004263835","https://openalex.org/W3009214616","https://openalex.org/W3047098494","https://openalex.org/W3120279272","https://openalex.org/W3127441615","https://openalex.org/W3127815246","https://openalex.org/W3131916795","https://openalex.org/W3188223371","https://openalex.org/W3208419635","https://openalex.org/W4206305228","https://openalex.org/W4206508831","https://openalex.org/W4214728191","https://openalex.org/W4309242608","https://openalex.org/W4310672851","https://openalex.org/W4313461567","https://openalex.org/W4322743454","https://openalex.org/W4366525866","https://openalex.org/W4377023807","https://openalex.org/W6848653163","https://openalex.org/W6853239755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392065178","https://openalex.org/W2130706631","https://openalex.org/W2069154445","https://openalex.org/W1562432063","https://openalex.org/W2088317998","https://openalex.org/W2963794332","https://openalex.org/W2343010124","https://openalex.org/W2038433559","https://openalex.org/W2151844091","https://openalex.org/W2139367805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,189],"work,":[2],"a":[3,33,56,64,93,112,122,151,165,205],"highly":[4],"miniaturized":[5],"microstrip":[6],"antenna":[7,29,51,82,126,175,215],"array":[8],"based":[9,96,101,218],"on":[10,75,97,102,219],"two":[11,220],"elements":[12,52,221],"is":[13,30,90,176],"proposed":[14,50,174],"for":[15,121],"multiple":[16,18],"inputs":[17],"outputs":[19],"(MIMO)":[20],"application":[21],"systems":[22],"at":[23,70,136],"sub-6":[24],"GHz":[25,72,149],"frequency":[26,143],"bands.":[27],"The":[28,49,125],"structured":[31],"from":[32],"meander":[34],"line":[35],"in":[36,84,181],"conjugate":[37],"with":[38,55,110,150,204,236,243],"an":[39,76],"interdigital":[40],"capacitor":[41],"when":[42,73,158],"excited":[43],"through":[44,130],"the":[45,81,107,119,137,142,173,194,214,230,240,244],"monopole":[46],"basic":[47],"antenna.":[48],"are":[53,162],"separated":[54],"Minkowski":[57],"factor-shaped":[58],"metamaterial":[59],"(MTM)":[60],"column":[61],"to":[62,134,178],"achieve":[63],"separation":[65],"distance":[66],"(D)":[67],"of":[68,86,154,183,209],"0.08\u03bb":[69],"3":[71,146],"printed":[74],"FR-4":[77],"substrate.":[78],"Later":[79],"on,":[80],"performance":[83,168],"terms":[85],"bandwidth":[87,144],"and":[88,147,222],"gain":[89,153],"controlled":[91],"using":[92],"photonic":[94],"process":[95],"optical":[98],"active":[99],"switches":[100],"light-dependent":[103],"resistances":[104],"(LDR).":[105],"Therefore,":[106],"reconfiguration":[108],"complexity":[109],"such":[111],"technique":[113],"can":[114],"be":[115,179],"eliminated":[116],"significantly":[117],"without":[118],"need":[120],"biasing":[123],"circuit.":[124],"design":[127,139],"was":[128,192,216,227],"conducted":[129],"several":[131],"parametric":[132],"studies":[133],"arrive":[135],"optimal":[138],"that":[140,229],"realizes":[141],"between":[145],"5.5":[148],"maximum":[152,195],"about":[155],"4.5":[156],"dBi":[157],"all":[159],"LDR":[160],"terminals":[161],"off.":[163],"For":[164,212],"wireless":[166],"channel":[167,206],"study-based":[169],"massive":[170],"MIMO":[171],"environment,":[172],"suitable":[177],"configured":[180],"arrays":[182],"64":[184,186],"\u00d7":[185],"elements.":[187],"From":[188],"study,":[190],"it":[191,226],"found":[193],"bit":[196],"error":[197],"rate":[198],"(BER)":[199],"does":[200],"not":[201],"exceed":[202],"0.15":[203],"capacity":[207],"(CC)":[208],"2":[210],"Gbps.":[211],"validation,":[213],"fabricated":[217],"tested":[223],"experimentally.":[224],"Finally,":[225],"revealed":[228],"measured":[231,245],"results":[232],"agree":[233],"very":[234],"well":[235],"simulations":[237],"after":[238],"comparing":[239],"theoretical":[241],"calculations":[242],"data.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
