{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382133913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135854","title":"A Light-Weight Artificial Neural Network for Recognition of Activities of Daily Living","display_name":"A Light-Weight Artificial Neural Network for Recognition of Activities of Daily Living","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382133913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135854","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5854/pdf?version=1687680435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5854/pdf?version=1687680435","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007055664","display_name":"Samer A. Mohamed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["EG","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samer A. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt","Multimodal Inte-R-Action Lab, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-8866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimodal Inte-R-Action Lab, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083737600","display_name":"Uriel Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-7912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uriel Martinez-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","Multimodal Inte-R-Action Lab, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-7912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimodal Inte-R-Action Lab, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007055664","https://openalex.org/A5083737600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I51601045"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.1723,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77528248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5854","last_page":"5854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.7062618732452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6796282529830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6578907370567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6112545728683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5997406244277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5595507025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49158939719200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4457983672618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4264029860496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.4238976836204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3870700001716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37582504749298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.08551007509231567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.7062618732452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6796282529830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6578907370567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6112545728683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5997406244277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5595507025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49158939719200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4457983672618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4264029860496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.4238976836204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3870700001716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37582504749298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.08551007509231567}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5854/pdf?version=1687680435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346892","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346892/pdf/sensors-23-05854.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:31b1f8be2a3c467bb9239d25fae01f78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/31b1f8be2a3c467bb9239d25fae01f78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5854 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5854/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5854","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5854/pdf?version=1687680435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382133913.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173320072","https://openalex.org/W2013771067","https://openalex.org/W2081254081","https://openalex.org/W2105951568","https://openalex.org/W2123167643","https://openalex.org/W2320625002","https://openalex.org/W2588003806","https://openalex.org/W2596527850","https://openalex.org/W2604630936","https://openalex.org/W2793988235","https://openalex.org/W2810309338","https://openalex.org/W2811146364","https://openalex.org/W2911844256","https://openalex.org/W2944851425","https://openalex.org/W2994823344","https://openalex.org/W3004161400","https://openalex.org/W3011785450","https://openalex.org/W3021157419","https://openalex.org/W3037011492","https://openalex.org/W3037755448","https://openalex.org/W3042435822","https://openalex.org/W3044454104","https://openalex.org/W3085923853","https://openalex.org/W3087431978","https://openalex.org/W3094122365","https://openalex.org/W3112725583","https://openalex.org/W3120292053","https://openalex.org/W3140662900","https://openalex.org/W3172093704","https://openalex.org/W3172467269","https://openalex.org/W3177319813","https://openalex.org/W3199790572","https://openalex.org/W3200173890","https://openalex.org/W3206357498","https://openalex.org/W3214529626","https://openalex.org/W4214767594","https://openalex.org/W4214845523","https://openalex.org/W4226101141","https://openalex.org/W4226194912","https://openalex.org/W4283824319","https://openalex.org/W4285729249","https://openalex.org/W4289792861","https://openalex.org/W4292261996","https://openalex.org/W4309091494","https://openalex.org/W4309175932","https://openalex.org/W4312926163","https://openalex.org/W4313414446","https://openalex.org/W4365152293","https://openalex.org/W4377565499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091018038","https://openalex.org/W2225378543","https://openalex.org/W4287122200","https://openalex.org/W9839718","https://openalex.org/W3110613631","https://openalex.org/W3016838864","https://openalex.org/W3105278570","https://openalex.org/W2766841671","https://openalex.org/W2117913171","https://openalex.org/W2582769230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"activity":[1,120,164,237],"recognition":[2,42,73,165,193,238],"(HAR)":[3],"is":[4,18,100,125],"essential":[5],"for":[6,26,53,72,113,119,163,200,245],"the":[7,54,86,186,229,246],"development":[8,55,247],"of":[9,56,61,74,93,133,195,222,248],"robots":[10,58],"to":[11,20,30,46,85],"assist":[12],"humans":[13],"in":[14,59],"daily":[15],"activities.":[16],"HAR":[17],"required":[19],"be":[21,47],"accurate,":[22],"fast":[23,236],"and":[24,33,63,81,109,154,176,198,211,218,235],"suitable":[25,244],"low-cost":[27],"wearable":[28,57,97,134],"devices":[29],"ensure":[31],"portable":[32,249],"safe":[34],"assistance.":[35],"Current":[36],"computational":[37,242],"methods":[38,160],"can":[39,189,232],"achieve":[40,190],"accurate":[41,234],"results":[43,156,226],"but":[44],"tend":[45],"computationally":[48],"expensive,":[49],"making":[50],"them":[51],"unsuitable":[52],"terms":[60],"speed":[62,155],"processing":[64],"power.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67],"proposes":[68],"a":[69,90,103,129,191,240],"light-weight":[70,187],"architecture":[71,188],"activities":[75,139],"using":[76,128],"five":[77],"inertial":[78],"measurement":[79],"units":[80],"four":[82],"goniometers":[83],"attached":[84],"lower":[87],"limb.":[88],"First,":[89],"systematic":[91],"extraction":[92],"time-domain":[94],"features":[95],"from":[96,137,203,208,214],"sensor":[98,135],"data":[99,136,202,207,213],"performed.":[101],"Second,":[102],"small":[104],"high-speed":[105],"artificial":[106],"neural":[107,168,171],"network":[108],"line":[110],"search":[111],"method":[112,124],"cost":[114],"function":[115],"optimization":[116],"are":[117,157],"used":[118,162],"recognition.":[121],"The":[122,152,182,225],"proposed":[123,230],"systematically":[126],"validated":[127],"large":[130],"dataset":[131],"composed":[132],"seven":[138],"(sitting,":[140],"standing,":[141],"walking,":[142],"stair":[143],"ascent/descent,":[144],"ramp":[145],"ascent/descent)":[146],"associated":[147],"with":[148,239],"eight":[149],"healthy":[150],"subjects.":[151],"accuracy":[153,194],"compared":[158],"against":[159],"commonly":[161],"including":[166],"deep":[167],"networks,":[169,172],"convolutional":[170],"long":[173],"short-term":[174,178],"memory":[175,179],"convolutional\u2013long":[177],"hybrid":[180],"networks.":[181],"experiments":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"that":[185,228],"high":[192],"98.60%,":[196],"93.10%":[197],"84.77%":[199],"seen":[201,204,209],"subjects,":[205,216],"unseen":[206,212,215],"subjects":[210],"respectively,":[217],"an":[219],"inference":[220],"time":[221],"85":[223],"\u03bcs.":[224],"show":[227],"approach":[231],"perform":[233],"reduced":[241],"complexity":[243],"assistive":[250],"devices.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
