{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381798761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135815","title":"Longitudinal Degradation of Pavement Marking Detectability for Mobile LiDAR Sensing Technology in Real-World Use","display_name":"Longitudinal Degradation of Pavement Marking Detectability for Mobile LiDAR Sensing Technology in Real-World Use","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381798761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135815","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135815","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5815/pdf?version=1687423702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5815/pdf?version=1687423702","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070571137","display_name":"Byoung-Keon D. Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-6826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311636904","display_name":"Michigan Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/01kae7563","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Byoung-Keon D. Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025786256","display_name":"James R. Sayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-7604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311636904","display_name":"Michigan Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/01kae7563","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Sayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092247318","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 D. Clover","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311636904","display_name":"Michigan Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/01kae7563","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 D. Clover","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing, MI 48909, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing, MI 48909, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022319194","display_name":"Matthew P. Reed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6650-0727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311636904","display_name":"Michigan Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/01kae7563","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew P. Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070571137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311636904","https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49748702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5815","last_page":"5815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.9403495788574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.7054514288902283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5563058853149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.509727418422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48681947588920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4303804337978363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20965576171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10121005773544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0842374861240387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.9403495788574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.7054514288902283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5563058853149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.509727418422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48681947588920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4303804337978363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20965576171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10121005773544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0842374861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003080","descriptor_name":"Cold Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003080","descriptor_name":"Cold Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003080","descriptor_name":"Cold Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010969","descriptor_name":"Plastics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010969","descriptor_name":"Plastics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010969","descriptor_name":"Plastics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135815","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5815/pdf?version=1687423702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10346250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10346250","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10346250/pdf/sensors-23-05815.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ab98d549ecc4903aba2716c9642af09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ab98d549ecc4903aba2716c9642af09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5815 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5815/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5815","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135815","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5815/pdf?version=1687423702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2538671629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OR14- 053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308157","funder_display_name":"Michigan Department of Transportation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308157","display_name":"Michigan Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/01kae7563"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381798761.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009345891","https://openalex.org/W2021063678","https://openalex.org/W2088648144","https://openalex.org/W2138362596","https://openalex.org/W2140253100","https://openalex.org/W2154855001","https://openalex.org/W2165558283","https://openalex.org/W2424307477","https://openalex.org/W2741046124","https://openalex.org/W2901316471","https://openalex.org/W2903637353","https://openalex.org/W3043118428","https://openalex.org/W3094398790","https://openalex.org/W3127342902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W3011451421","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W196913356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,70,77,95],"vehicle":[3],"automation":[4],"and":[5,28,37,73,90,154],"driver-assistance":[6],"systems":[7],"that":[8,134],"detect":[9],"pavement":[10,20,62,136],"markings":[11,21],"has":[12],"increased":[13],"the":[14,17,32,56,75,96,110,128,135,141,145],"importance":[15],"of":[16,19,58,61,106],"detectability":[18,117,138,160],"through":[22,109],"various":[23,71],"sensor":[24],"modalities":[25],"across":[26,140],"weather":[27],"road":[29],"conditions.":[30],"Among":[31],"sensing":[33],"techniques,":[34],"light":[35],"detection":[36,78],"ranging":[38],"(LiDAR)":[39],"sensors":[40],"have":[41],"become":[42],"popular":[43],"for":[44,151],"vehicle-automation":[45],"applications.":[46],"This":[47],"study":[48],"used":[49],"low-cost":[50],"mobile":[51],"multi-beam":[52],"LiDAR":[53,99,121,162],"to":[54,126],"assess":[55],"performance":[57,79],"several":[59],"types":[60,143],"marking":[63,84,129,137,159],"materials":[64,153],"installed":[65],"on":[66,120],"a":[67,104,164],"limited-access":[68],"highway":[69],"conditions,":[72],"quantified":[74],"degradation":[76],"over":[80,144],"three":[81],"years.":[82,146],"Four":[83],"materials,":[85],"HPS-8,":[86],"polyurea,":[87],"cold":[88],"plastic,":[89],"sprayable":[91],"thermoplastic,":[92],"were":[93,113],"analyzed":[94],"current":[97],"study.":[98],"reflectivity":[100],"data":[101,123],"extracted":[102],"from":[103],"total":[105],"210":[107],"passes":[108],"test":[111],"sections":[112],"analyzed.":[114],"A":[115],"new":[116],"score":[118],"based":[119],"intensity":[122],"was":[124],"proposed":[125],"quantify":[127],"detectability.":[130],"The":[131,147],"results":[132,148],"showed":[133],"varied":[139],"material":[142],"provide":[149],"guidance":[150],"selecting":[152],"developing":[155],"maintenance":[156],"schedules":[157],"when":[158],"by":[161],"is":[163],"concern.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T23:48:18.283914","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}