{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381802977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135811","title":"Suspicious Behavior Detection with Temporal Feature Extraction and Time-Series Classification for Shoplifting Crime Prevention","display_name":"Suspicious Behavior Detection with Temporal Feature Extraction and Time-Series Classification for Shoplifting Crime Prevention","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381802977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135811","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135811","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5811/pdf?version=1687417049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5811/pdf?version=1687417049","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042617322","display_name":"Amril Nazir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7116-7607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amril Nazir","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7116-7607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019122616","display_name":"R.S. Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-5437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-5437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066909407","display_name":"Hana Sulieman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-8298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hana Sulieman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-8298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051609871","display_name":"Firuz Kamalov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-0920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186129607","display_name":"Canadian University of Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/029zgsn59","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Firuz Kamalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042617322","https://openalex.org/A5051609871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186129607","https://openalex.org/I91044093"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.6389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95839994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"13","first_page":"5811","last_page":"5811"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7796534299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.747603714466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.701018750667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.618701696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6098364591598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5762865543365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5373507738113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.5011663436889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.48558181524276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4622573256492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.44574299454689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4393937885761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32972973585128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32915180921554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32093310356140137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7796534299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.747603714466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.701018750667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.618701696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6098364591598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5762865543365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5373507738113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.5011663436889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.48558181524276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4622573256492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.44574299454689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4393937885761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32972973585128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32915180921554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32093310356140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135811","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5811/pdf?version=1687417049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37447661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37447661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10347130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10347130","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10347130/pdf/sensors-23-05811.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b4be8c5002f49688081160806ff6463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b4be8c5002f49688081160806ff6463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5811 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/13/5811/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 13; Pages: 5811","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23135811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135811","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5811/pdf?version=1687417049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321430","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325295","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381802977.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2963610939","https://openalex.org/W2963795951","https://openalex.org/W2972810968","https://openalex.org/W2982190919","https://openalex.org/W3016127821","https://openalex.org/W3058842179","https://openalex.org/W3077420696","https://openalex.org/W3083891030","https://openalex.org/W3084430883","https://openalex.org/W3089682612","https://openalex.org/W3096857588","https://openalex.org/W3102564565","https://openalex.org/W3112330479","https://openalex.org/W3128446401","https://openalex.org/W3129071613","https://openalex.org/W3134566480","https://openalex.org/W3136793533","https://openalex.org/W3153639479","https://openalex.org/W3168600998","https://openalex.org/W3168984673","https://openalex.org/W3177187266","https://openalex.org/W3190461479","https://openalex.org/W3191725983","https://openalex.org/W3197396402","https://openalex.org/W3202590754","https://openalex.org/W3204286028","https://openalex.org/W4223493620","https://openalex.org/W4225261310","https://openalex.org/W4281391734","https://openalex.org/W4283811196","https://openalex.org/W4283818851","https://openalex.org/W4308440558","https://openalex.org/W6809379458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,94,106],"rise":[1],"in":[2,5,14,146],"crime":[3,23],"rates":[4],"many":[6],"parts":[7],"of":[8,42,52,160],"the":[9,19,50,86,112,120,132,152],"world,":[10],"coupled":[11],"with":[12,76,156],"advancements":[13],"computer":[15],"vision,":[16],"has":[17],"increased":[18],"need":[20],"for":[21,35],"automated":[22],"detection":[24,72,147],"services.":[25],"To":[26],"address":[27],"this":[28],"issue,":[29],"we":[30],"propose":[31],"a":[32,40,83,102],"new":[33],"approach":[34],"detecting":[36],"suspicious":[37],"behavior":[38],"as":[39,91,101],"means":[41],"preventing":[43],"shoplifting.":[44],"Existing":[45],"methods":[46],"are":[47,98],"based":[48,73],"on":[49,58,74,111,131],"use":[51],"convolutional":[53],"neural":[54],"networks":[55],"that":[56],"rely":[57],"extracting":[59],"spatial":[60],"features":[61,97],"from":[62],"pixel":[63],"values.":[64],"In":[65],"contrast,":[66],"our":[67,166],"proposed":[68,107],"method":[69,108,167],"employs":[70],"object":[71],"YOLOv5":[75],"Deep":[77],"Sort":[78],"to":[79,151],"track":[80],"people":[81],"through":[82],"video,":[84],"using":[85],"resulting":[87],"bounding":[88],"box":[89],"coordinates":[90],"temporal":[92,96,124],"features.":[93],"extracted":[95],"then":[99],"modeled":[100],"time-series":[103],"classification":[104],"problem.":[105],"was":[109],"tested":[110],"popular":[113],"UCF":[114],"Crime":[115],"dataset,":[116],"and":[117],"benchmarked":[118],"against":[119],"current":[121],"state-of-the-art":[122,153],"robust":[123],"feature":[125,178],"magnitude":[126],"(RTFM)":[127],"method,":[128],"which":[129],"relies":[130],"Inflated":[133],"3D":[134],"ConvNet":[135],"(I3D)":[136],"preprocessing":[137],"method.":[138],"Our":[139],"results":[140,170],"demonstrate":[141],"an":[142,157],"impressive":[143],"8.45-fold":[144],"increase":[145],"inference":[148],"speed":[149],"compared":[150],"RTFM,":[154],"along":[155],"F1":[158],"score":[159],"92%,outperforming":[161],"RTFM":[162],"by":[163],"3%.":[164],"Furthermore,":[165],"achieved":[168],"these":[169],"without":[171],"requiring":[172],"expensive":[173],"data":[174],"augmentation":[175],"or":[176],"image":[177],"extraction.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
