{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381662541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125766","title":"Blockchain-Assisted Privacy-Preserving and Context-Aware Trust Management Framework for Secure Communications in VANETs","display_name":"Blockchain-Assisted Privacy-Preserving and Context-Aware Trust Management Framework for Secure Communications in VANETs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381662541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125766","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5766/pdf?version=1687345231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5766/pdf?version=1687345231","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034811739","display_name":"Waheeb Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waheeb Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070296161","display_name":"Di Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-6636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wu Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067934469","display_name":"Daniel Mukathe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-7844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Mukathe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070296161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.1421,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87582737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"5766","last_page":"5766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8082156777381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.711777925491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-management","display_name":"Trust management (information system)","score":0.6775327324867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6718722581863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.649490475654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5837387442588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.5822077989578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5386066436767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.5370411276817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.491266667842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.467888742685318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.45547839999198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12705561518669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09532266855239868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8082156777381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.711777925491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145767","display_name":"Trust management (information system)","level":2,"score":0.6775327324867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6718722581863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.649490475654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5837387442588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.5822077989578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5386066436767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5370411276817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.491266667842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.467888742685318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45547839999198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12705561518669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09532266855239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5766/pdf?version=1687345231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37420930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10303395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10303395","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303395/pdf/sensors-23-05766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a7cb52dde0b4acab5d943f6024417c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a7cb52dde0b4acab5d943f6024417c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 5766 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/12/5766/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 5766","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5766/pdf?version=1687345231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381662541.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35253685","https://openalex.org/W1667889362","https://openalex.org/W1977680444","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W2062789233","https://openalex.org/W2105720869","https://openalex.org/W2135014417","https://openalex.org/W2136035407","https://openalex.org/W2171940344","https://openalex.org/W2295127943","https://openalex.org/W2545176003","https://openalex.org/W2581560412","https://openalex.org/W2767011085","https://openalex.org/W2791462427","https://openalex.org/W2803974954","https://openalex.org/W2804841426","https://openalex.org/W2885864854","https://openalex.org/W2899472008","https://openalex.org/W2913992778","https://openalex.org/W2921960465","https://openalex.org/W2947413395","https://openalex.org/W2964246583","https://openalex.org/W2978245615","https://openalex.org/W2992137023","https://openalex.org/W2992900119","https://openalex.org/W2994778886","https://openalex.org/W2998765941","https://openalex.org/W3005811485","https://openalex.org/W3006802933","https://openalex.org/W3007971370","https://openalex.org/W3096824730","https://openalex.org/W3100121400","https://openalex.org/W3129648592","https://openalex.org/W3129844607","https://openalex.org/W3136236156","https://openalex.org/W3147033215","https://openalex.org/W3158249753","https://openalex.org/W3161645673","https://openalex.org/W3217000788","https://openalex.org/W4200166494","https://openalex.org/W4210805826","https://openalex.org/W4210815602","https://openalex.org/W4223589767","https://openalex.org/W4226149406","https://openalex.org/W4244418861","https://openalex.org/W4280506844","https://openalex.org/W4285197043","https://openalex.org/W4285240653","https://openalex.org/W4293563979","https://openalex.org/W4308539380","https://openalex.org/W6600981286","https://openalex.org/W6696961757","https://openalex.org/W6732749241","https://openalex.org/W6772493908","https://openalex.org/W6791260996","https://openalex.org/W6807630435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082303399","https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W2771454953","https://openalex.org/W4231650586","https://openalex.org/W3046762796","https://openalex.org/W3202102306","https://openalex.org/W4327774248","https://openalex.org/W2998294818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"ad":[1],"hoc":[2],"networks":[3],"(VANETs)":[4],"are":[5,16,103,123],"used":[6],"for":[7,69,148,177,297],"improving":[8],"traffic":[9],"efficiency":[10,277],"and":[11,55,61,99,115,159,171,190,196,199,204,222,225,230,234,244,260,272,279,289,295],"road":[12],"safety.":[13],"However,":[14],"VANETs":[15,73,132,266],"vulnerable":[17],"to":[18,51,77,126,137,187,214,251,262,276,291],"various":[19,129,263],"attacks":[20],"from":[21,237],"malicious":[22,82,228],"vehicles.":[23],"Malicious":[24],"vehicles":[25,60,221,229],"can":[26,258],"disrupt":[27],"the":[28,47,53,58,101,141,216,219,238,255,282,286],"normal":[29],"operation":[30],"of":[31,57,81,131,193,218],"VANET":[32,113,201,270],"applications":[33],"by":[34],"broadcasting":[35],"bogus":[36],"event":[37],"messages":[38,63,198,233],"that":[39,133,164],"may":[40],"cause":[41],"accidents,":[42],"threatening":[43],"people's":[44],"lives.":[45],"Therefore,":[46],"receiver":[48],"node":[49],"needs":[50],"evaluate":[52,215],"authenticity":[54],"trustworthiness":[56,217],"sender":[59,220],"their":[62,197,223,231],"before":[64,105],"acting.":[65],"Although":[66],"several":[67],"solutions":[68,146],"trust":[70,85,120,161,174,209,253],"management":[71,86,121,162,175,210],"in":[72,128,140,180,247,265],"have":[74,88,95],"been":[75],"proposed":[76,186,213,256,283],"address":[78],"these":[79,93,108],"issues":[80],"vehicles,":[83],"existing":[84,119,145,252],"schemes":[87,94,109,122,288],"two":[89],"main":[90],"issues.":[91],"Firstly,":[92],"no":[96],"authentication":[97,169,183,192],"components":[98],"assume":[100],"nodes":[102,195],"authenticated":[104],"communicating.":[106],"Consequently,":[107],"do":[110],"not":[111,124],"meet":[112,200],"security":[114,271],"privacy":[116,205,273],"requirements.":[117,206,274],"Secondly,":[118],"designed":[125],"operate":[127,259],"contexts":[130],"occur":[134],"frequently":[135],"due":[136],"sudden":[138],"variations":[139],"network":[142],"dynamics,":[143],"making":[144],"impractical":[147],"VANETs.":[149,181,248],"In":[150,249],"this":[151],"paper,":[152],"we":[153],"present":[154],"a":[155,166,172],"novel":[156],"blockchain-assisted":[157,167],"privacy-preserving":[158,168],"context-aware":[160,173,208],"framework":[163,257,284],"combines":[165],"scheme":[170,176,184,211],"securing":[178],"communications":[179,246],"The":[182,207],"is":[185,212],"enable":[188],"anonymous":[189],"mutual":[191],"vehicular":[194,299],"efficiency,":[202],"security,":[203],"messages,":[224],"successfully":[226],"detect":[227],"false/bogus":[232],"eliminate":[235],"them":[236],"network,":[239],"thereby":[240],"ensuring":[241],"safe,":[242],"secure,":[243,293],"efficient":[245],"contrast":[250],"schemes,":[254],"adapt":[261],"contexts/scenarios":[264],"while":[267],"meeting":[268],"all":[269],"According":[275],"analysis":[278],"simulation":[280],"results,":[281],"outperforms":[285],"baseline":[287],"demonstrates":[290],"be":[292],"effective,":[294],"robust":[296],"enhancing":[298],"communication":[300],"security.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-25T23:04:38.658462","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
