{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381336985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125733","title":"Unsupervised Learning-Based WSN Clustering for Efficient Environmental Pollution Monitoring","display_name":"Unsupervised Learning-Based WSN Clustering for Efficient Environmental Pollution Monitoring","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381336985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125733","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125733","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5733/pdf?version=1687331796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5733/pdf?version=1687331796","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034439731","display_name":"Catherine Nayer Tadros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-0904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Nayer Tadros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102909019","display_name":"Nader Shehata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-4825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111408","display_name":"Kuwait College of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjvsj67","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG","KW","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nader Shehata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Smart Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSMNP), SmartCI Research Center of Excellence, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science and Technology (KCST), Doha Superior Road, Kuwait City 13133, Kuwait","USTAR Bioinnovations Center, Faculty of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 83431, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-4825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Smart Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSMNP), SmartCI Research Center of Excellence, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science and Technology (KCST), Doha Superior Road, Kuwait City 13133, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTAR Bioinnovations Center, Faculty of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 83431, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014443017","display_name":"Bassem Mokhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-4721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["AE","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassem Mokhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-4721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102909019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950","https://openalex.org/I4210111408","https://openalex.org/I84524832"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.2654,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92443774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"5733","last_page":"5733"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7885888814926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7261013984680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5742905139923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-monitoring","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","score":0.4315285086631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4133055508136749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.26700031757354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.21161675453186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20077165961265564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7885888814926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7261013984680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5742905139923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.4315285086631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4133055508136749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26700031757354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.21161675453186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20077165961265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125733","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5733/pdf?version=1687331796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37420898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/115545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115545","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/2fdf2751-c2ba-420a-9850-30f3e6aec8b4/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10300937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10300937","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10300937/pdf/sensors-23-05733.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/c935ffe8-d0e5-4a12-8c89-60cd8ceaf695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/c935ffe8-d0e5-4a12-8c89-60cd8ceaf695","pdf_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/203040442/sensors-23-05733-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tadros, C N, Shehata, N & Mokhtar, B 2023, 'Unsupervised Learning-Based WSN Clustering for Efficient Environmental Pollution Monitoring', Sensors, vol. 23, no. 12, 5733, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125733","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:935eff678acd4b668ed71a649fa01f05","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/935eff678acd4b668ed71a649fa01f05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 5733 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/12/5733/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 5733","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125733","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5733/pdf?version=1687331796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381336985.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88963783","https://openalex.org/W113775057","https://openalex.org/W1567086063","https://openalex.org/W1996471182","https://openalex.org/W2011062030","https://openalex.org/W2120158544","https://openalex.org/W2128569883","https://openalex.org/W2228062127","https://openalex.org/W2255804195","https://openalex.org/W2289469333","https://openalex.org/W2293135495","https://openalex.org/W2297321548","https://openalex.org/W2306070172","https://openalex.org/W2332034961","https://openalex.org/W2336784762","https://openalex.org/W2341068151","https://openalex.org/W2476643460","https://openalex.org/W2507340348","https://openalex.org/W2578907706","https://openalex.org/W2617513273","https://openalex.org/W2738658266","https://openalex.org/W2766364376","https://openalex.org/W2794404133","https://openalex.org/W2809816408","https://openalex.org/W2889306839","https://openalex.org/W2998664601","https://openalex.org/W3015027621","https://openalex.org/W3104407687","https://openalex.org/W3160546431","https://openalex.org/W4225013643","https://openalex.org/W4241526819","https://openalex.org/W4248528566","https://openalex.org/W4308463933","https://openalex.org/W6649253028","https://openalex.org/W6678051288","https://openalex.org/W6689000440","https://openalex.org/W6696706253","https://openalex.org/W6698053326","https://openalex.org/W6712770040","https://openalex.org/W6725673315","https://openalex.org/W6732257491","https://openalex.org/W6737981833","https://openalex.org/W6752627527","https://openalex.org/W6785622061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2359140296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"Sensor":[1],"Networks":[2],"(WSNs)":[3],"have":[4,77],"been":[5,78],"adopted":[6],"in":[7,120,194,217,223],"various":[8,197],"environmental":[9,16],"pollution":[10],"monitoring":[11,20,192],"applications.":[12],"As":[13],"an":[14,158],"important":[15,29],"field,":[17],"water":[18],"quality":[19,191],"is":[21,91,139,178],"a":[22,34,115,123,171],"vital":[23],"process":[24,44,193],"to":[25,80,95,100,128,188],"ensure":[26],"the":[27,46,143,163,181,190,206],"sustainable,":[28],"feeding":[30],"of":[31,48,146,166,199,208],"and":[32,57,65,72,98,104,113,215,225],"as":[33,151,157],"life-maintaining":[35],"source":[36],"for":[37,162,180,186],"many":[38],"living":[39],"creatures.":[40],"To":[41],"conduct":[42],"this":[43,82,109],"efficiently,":[45],"integration":[47],"lightweight":[49],"machine":[50],"learning":[51],"technologies":[52],"can":[53],"extend":[54],"its":[55,96],"efficacy":[56,207],"accuracy.":[58],"WSNs":[59,187],"often":[60],"suffer":[61],"from":[62],"energy-limited":[63],"devices":[64],"resource-affected":[66],"operations,":[67],"thus":[68],"constraining":[69],"WSNs'":[70],"lifetime":[71,220],"capability.":[73],"Energy-efficient":[74],"clustering":[75,87,118,126,184,214],"protocols":[76],"introduced":[79],"tackle":[81],"challenge.":[83],"The":[84,202],"low-energy":[85],"adaptive":[86],"hierarchy":[88],"(LEACH)":[89],"protocol":[90],"widely":[92],"used":[93],"due":[94],"simplicity":[97],"ability":[99],"manage":[101],"large":[102],"datasets":[103],"prolong":[105],"network":[106,219],"lifetime.":[107],"In":[108],"paper,":[110],"we":[111],"investigate":[112],"present":[114],"modified":[116,210],"LEACH-based":[117,183],"algorithm":[119,185],"conjunction":[121],"with":[122],"K-means":[124,182],"data":[125,213],"approach":[127],"enable":[129],"efficient":[130],"decision":[131],"making":[132],"based":[133,141],"on":[134,142],"water-quality-monitoring-related":[135],"operations.":[136],"This":[137],"study":[138],"operated":[140,222],"experimental":[144],"measurements":[145],"lanthanide":[147],"oxide":[148,153],"nanoparticles,":[149],"selected":[150],"cerium":[152],"nanoparticles":[154],"(ceria":[155],"NPs),":[156],"active":[159],"sensing":[160],"host":[161],"optical":[164],"detection":[165],"hydrogen":[167],"peroxide":[168],"pollutants":[169,200],"via":[170],"fluorescence":[172],"quenching":[173],"mechanism.":[174],"A":[175],"mathematical":[176],"model":[177],"proposed":[179],"analyze":[189],"water,":[195],"where":[196],"levels":[198],"exist.":[201],"simulation":[203],"results":[204],"show":[205],"our":[209],"K-means-based":[211],"hierarchical":[212],"routing":[216],"prolonging":[218],"when":[221],"static":[224],"dynamic":[226],"contexts.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}