{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381165992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125684","title":"Some Design Considerations in Passive Indoor Positioning Systems","display_name":"Some Design Considerations in Passive Indoor Positioning Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381165992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125684","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5684/pdf?version=1687151797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5684/pdf?version=1687151797","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009444927","display_name":"Jimmy Engstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-9645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183111857","display_name":"Malm\u00f6 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wp7an13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129561","display_name":"Sony (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t8vgv97","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129561","https://openalex.org/I4210143797"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy Engstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things and People Research Center, Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden","Sony Europe B.V., 223 62 Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things and People Research Center, Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Europe B.V., 223 62 Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084404345","display_name":"\u00c5se Jevinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183111857","display_name":"Malm\u00f6 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wp7an13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c5se Jevinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things and People Research Center, Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-1182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things and People Research Center, Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015739756","display_name":"Carl Magnus Olsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4261-281X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183111857","display_name":"Malm\u00f6 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wp7an13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Magnus Olsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things and People Research Center, Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things and People Research Center, Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048397905","display_name":"Jan Persson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-8405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183111857","display_name":"Malm\u00f6 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wp7an13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan A. Persson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things and People Research Center, Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-8405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things and People Research Center, Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009444927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183111857","https://openalex.org/I4210129561"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2040,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05274665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"5684","last_page":"5684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8021459579467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7073166370391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7026183605194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6205223202705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.582646906375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5169779062271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.4819795489311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.47241249680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.41712403297424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.37085533142089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3547976016998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.30772948265075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15198490023612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.13604211807250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.12981432676315308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.10737437009811401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8021459579467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7073166370391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7026183605194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6205223202705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.582646906375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5169779062271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.4819795489311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.47241249680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.41712403297424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.37085533142089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3547976016998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30772948265075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15198490023612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.13604211807250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.12981432676315308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10737437009811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5684/pdf?version=1687151797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37420850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:mau-61951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-61951","pdf_url":"https://mau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1788887/FULLTEXT01","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10301307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10301307","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10301307/pdf/sensors-23-05684.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1f71aff8806f47bd9af5eb9875015d33","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1f71aff8806f47bd9af5eb9875015d33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 5684 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/12/5684/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 5684","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5684/pdf?version=1687151797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2034632997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20170211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321759","funder_display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321759","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling","ror":"https://ror.org/02cbq7e25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381165992.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1630879738","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W1966517804","https://openalex.org/W2000359198","https://openalex.org/W2006036128","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2034040913","https://openalex.org/W2044831755","https://openalex.org/W2050374176","https://openalex.org/W2070983492","https://openalex.org/W2072788091","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2115240023","https://openalex.org/W2121990344","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2124945426","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2154553365","https://openalex.org/W2164311260","https://openalex.org/W2164785268","https://openalex.org/W2168132632","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2342853071","https://openalex.org/W2515285644","https://openalex.org/W2534482937","https://openalex.org/W2549315536","https://openalex.org/W2562522049","https://openalex.org/W2563417884","https://openalex.org/W2761190468","https://openalex.org/W2792793629","https://openalex.org/W2804832981","https://openalex.org/W2906952093","https://openalex.org/W2907278497","https://openalex.org/W2911091386","https://openalex.org/W2939481405","https://openalex.org/W2961025739","https://openalex.org/W2978556704","https://openalex.org/W2980161505","https://openalex.org/W3005981797","https://openalex.org/W3011935167","https://openalex.org/W3024155825","https://openalex.org/W3035431318","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3047491762","https://openalex.org/W3082692902","https://openalex.org/W3099878876","https://openalex.org/W3113236458","https://openalex.org/W3115311310","https://openalex.org/W3138470817","https://openalex.org/W4238135554","https://openalex.org/W4241006348","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6679763910","https://openalex.org/W6684616312","https://openalex.org/W6747512288","https://openalex.org/W6749431950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W2338366266","https://openalex.org/W2035650171","https://openalex.org/W2755401669","https://openalex.org/W2552390423","https://openalex.org/W3204118479","https://openalex.org/W2903896792","https://openalex.org/W2899058086","https://openalex.org/W1926767291","https://openalex.org/W2389607077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"User":[0],"location":[1,164],"is":[2,48,75],"becoming":[3],"an":[4,173],"increasingly":[5,18],"common":[6,77],"and":[7,36,62,169,180],"important":[8],"feature":[9],"for":[10,38],"a":[11,45,76,89,126,141,157,195],"wide":[12],"range":[13],"of":[14,41,55,92,101,139],"services.":[15],"Smartphone":[16],"owners":[17],"use":[19,153],"location-based":[20],"services,":[21],"as":[22,29],"service":[23],"providers":[24],"add":[25],"context-enhanced":[26],"functionality":[27],"such":[28],"car-driving":[30],"routes,":[31],"COVID-19":[32],"tracking,":[33],"crowdedness":[34],"indicators,":[35],"suggestions":[37],"nearby":[39],"points":[40],"interest.":[42],"However,":[43,112],"positioning":[44,78,114,188],"user":[46,127],"indoors":[47],"still":[49],"problematic":[50],"due":[51],"to":[52,88,98,131],"the":[53,56,70,99,102,110,118,123,137,191],"fading":[54],"radio":[57],"signal":[58],"caused":[59],"by":[60],"multipath":[61],"shadowing,":[63],"where":[64,80],"both":[65],"have":[66],"complex":[67],"dependencies":[68],"on":[69,167],"indoor":[71,163,187],"environment.":[72,198],"Location":[73],"fingerprinting":[74,179],"method":[79],"Radio":[81],"Signal":[82],"Strength":[83],"(RSS)":[84],"measurements":[85],"are":[86,106],"compared":[87,160],"reference":[90,103],"database":[91],"previously":[93],"stored":[94,108],"RSS":[95],"values.":[96],"Due":[97],"size":[100],"databases,":[104],"these":[105,183],"often":[107],"in":[109,194],"cloud.":[111],"server-side":[113],"computations":[115,146],"make":[116],"preserving":[117],"user's":[119,192],"privacy":[120,193],"problematic.":[121],"Given":[122],"assumption":[124],"that":[125],"does":[128],"not":[129],"want":[130],"communicate":[132],"his/her":[133],"location,":[134],"we":[135],"pose":[136],"question":[138],"whether":[140],"passive":[142,162],"system":[143],"with":[144,156,178],"client-side":[145],"can":[147],"substitute":[148],"fingerprinting-based":[149],"systems,":[150],"which":[151],"commonly":[152],"active":[154],"communication":[155],"server.":[158],"We":[159],"two":[161],"systems":[165],"based":[166],"multilateration":[168],"sensor":[170],"fusion":[171],"using":[172],"Unscented":[174],"Kalman":[175],"Filter":[176],"(UKF)":[177],"show":[181],"how":[182],"may":[184],"provide":[185],"accurate":[186],"without":[189],"compromising":[190],"busy":[196],"office":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}