{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380996275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125569","title":"Scalable Lightweight IoT-Based Smart Weather Measurement System","display_name":"Scalable Lightweight IoT-Based Smart Weather Measurement System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380996275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125569","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5569/pdf?version=1686729696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5569/pdf?version=1686729696","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066652590","display_name":"Abdullah Albuali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8600-7499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Albuali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Networks and Communications, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8600-7499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Networks and Communications, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029508718","display_name":"Ramasamy Srinivasagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-7763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramasamy Srinivasagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-7763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075098395","display_name":"Ahmed Aljughaiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-9453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Aljughaiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Networks and Communications, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-9453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Networks and Communications, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021138088","display_name":"Fatima Alderazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2823-649X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Alderazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066652590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.7204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8216669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"5569","last_page":"5569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-station","display_name":"Weather station","score":0.6306338310241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.6129254698753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5845208764076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5323914289474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4968433678150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4659738540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.44993922114372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44625386595726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-weather-station","display_name":"Automatic weather station","score":0.4306289851665497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.42139601707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3638550341129303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14740291237831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.12575897574424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1219778060913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0853111743927002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777129202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190107","display_name":"Weather station","level":2,"score":0.6306338310241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.6129254698753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5845208764076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5323914289474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4968433678150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4659738540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.44993922114372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44625386595726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846837","display_name":"Automatic weather station","level":2,"score":0.4306289851665497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.42139601707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3638550341129303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14740291237831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.12575897574424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1219778060913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0853111743927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5569/pdf?version=1686729696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37420735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10301168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10301168","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10301168/pdf/sensors-23-05569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64b0b2c4bad94273a1fab0f04ce09635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/64b0b2c4bad94273a1fab0f04ce09635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 5569 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/12/5569/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 5569","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5569/pdf?version=1686729696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380996275.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046370161","https://openalex.org/W2130403046","https://openalex.org/W2170239483","https://openalex.org/W2790114420","https://openalex.org/W2801974413","https://openalex.org/W2893954686","https://openalex.org/W2894056208","https://openalex.org/W2896006105","https://openalex.org/W2919354478","https://openalex.org/W2947878980","https://openalex.org/W2953704759","https://openalex.org/W2963973018","https://openalex.org/W2970320467","https://openalex.org/W2977430056","https://openalex.org/W2980620471","https://openalex.org/W2990854163","https://openalex.org/W2995580751","https://openalex.org/W3003709258","https://openalex.org/W3004416282","https://openalex.org/W3004625640","https://openalex.org/W3008048152","https://openalex.org/W3008571545","https://openalex.org/W3011373966","https://openalex.org/W3033319396","https://openalex.org/W3080366021","https://openalex.org/W3095048002","https://openalex.org/W3144078676","https://openalex.org/W3154522974","https://openalex.org/W3172960559","https://openalex.org/W4200414197","https://openalex.org/W4284662791","https://openalex.org/W7027985190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352609165","https://openalex.org/W4380482219","https://openalex.org/W2370474278","https://openalex.org/W2854537890","https://openalex.org/W2413991712","https://openalex.org/W2028780417","https://openalex.org/W2889262578","https://openalex.org/W2375462201","https://openalex.org/W1993236058","https://openalex.org/W2032609399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,149,200,211],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,15,38,58,66,105,186,222,232],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"plays":[5],"a":[6,12,31,43,102,115,126,143,191,197,229],"critical":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,119,196],"remotely":[10],"monitoring":[11],"wide":[13],"variety":[14],"different":[16],"application":[17,33],"sectors,":[18],"including":[19],"agriculture,":[20],"building,":[21],"and":[22,89,168,177,190,237],"energy.":[23],"wind":[25,158,160,240],"turbine":[26],"energy":[27,60,209],"generator":[28],"(WTEG)":[29],"is":[30,96],"real-world":[32],"that":[34,108,130,138,215],"can":[35,50,139,203],"take":[36],"advantage":[37],"IoT":[39],"technologies,":[40],"such":[41,156],"as":[42,157],"low-cost":[44,127],"weather":[45,71,84,106,128,154],"station,":[46],"where":[47],"human":[48],"activities":[49],"be":[51,110,140,204],"significantly":[52],"affected":[53],"by":[54],"enhancing":[55],"the":[56,63,67,92,182,216,220,223],"production":[57],"clean":[59],"based":[61],"on":[62,101,124,132],"known":[64],"direction":[65,241],"wind.":[68],"Meanwhile,":[69],"common":[70],"stations":[72,107],"are":[73],"neither":[74],"affordable":[75],"nor":[76],"customizable":[77],"for":[78,193,235,239],"specific":[79],"applications.":[80],"Moreover,":[81],"due":[82],"to":[83,99,171,175],"forecast":[85],"changes":[86],"over":[87],"time":[88],"location":[90],"within":[91],"same":[93],"city,":[94],"it":[95],"not":[97],"efficient":[98],"rely":[100],"limited":[103],"number":[104],"may":[109],"located":[111],"far":[112],"away":[113],"from":[114],"recipient's":[116],"location.":[117],"Therefore,":[118],"this":[120],"paper,":[121],"we":[122],"focus":[123],"presenting":[125],"station":[129,195],"relies":[131],"an":[133],"artificial":[134],"intelligence":[135],"(AI)":[136],"algorithm":[137],"distributed":[141],"across":[142],"WTEG":[144],"area":[145],"with":[146,228],"minimal":[147],"cost.":[148],"proposed":[150,183,217],"study":[151,184,218],"measures":[152],"multiple":[153],"parameters,":[155],"direction,":[159],"velocity":[161],"(WV),":[162],"temperature,":[163],"pressure,":[164],"mean":[165],"sea":[166],"level,":[167],"relative":[169],"humidity":[170],"provide":[172],"current":[173],"measurements":[174],"recipients":[176],"AI-based":[178],"forecasts.":[179],"In":[180],"addition,":[181],"consists":[185],"several":[187],"heterogeneous":[188],"nodes":[189],"controller":[192],"each":[194],"target":[198],"area.":[199],"collected":[201],"data":[202],"transmitted":[205],"through":[206],"Bluetooth":[207],"low":[208],"(BLE).":[210],"experimental":[212],"results":[213],"reveal":[214],"matches":[219],"standard":[221],"National":[224],"Meteorological":[225],"Center":[226],"(NMC),":[227],"nowcast":[230],"measurement":[231],"95%":[233],"accuracy":[234],"WV":[236],"92%":[238],"(WD).":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}