{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380536487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125551","title":"Sensor-Based Classification of Primary and Secondary Car Driver Activities Using Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Sensor-Based Classification of Primary and Secondary Car Driver Activities Using Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380536487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5551/pdf?version=1686731954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5551/pdf?version=1686731954","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069250685","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Doniec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafa\u0142 Doniec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-3932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079278556","display_name":"Justyna Konior","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Justyna Konior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035466254","display_name":"Szymon Sieci\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-3144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szymon Sieci\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland","Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-3144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019899495","display_name":"Artur Piet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-8363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artur Piet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-8363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061961255","display_name":"Muhammad Tausif Irshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-4107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tausif Irshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan","Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-4107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656","https://openalex.org/I172780181"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017014152","display_name":"Natalia Piaseczna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9652-157X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Piaseczna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9652-157X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046351979","display_name":"Md. Abid Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-1708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Abid Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-1708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025793704","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-4207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-4207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007434969","display_name":"Muhammad Adeel Nisar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-750X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adeel Nisar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-750X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656","https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037990310","display_name":"Marcin Grzegorzek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-8287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188922065","display_name":"University of Economics in Katowice","ror":"https://ror.org/01vxt3d40","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188922065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Grzegorzek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Knowledge Engineering, University of Economics in Katowice, Bogucicka 3, 40-287 Katowice, Poland","Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-8287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Knowledge Engineering, University of Economics in Katowice, Bogucicka 3, 40-287 Katowice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188922065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069250685","https://openalex.org/A5079278556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.0228,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75408555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"5551","last_page":"5551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7464824318885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7456498742103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activities-of-daily-living","display_name":"Activities of daily living","score":0.5481590628623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roundabout","display_name":"Roundabout","score":0.5017156600952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49779844284057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.47772690653800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44286590814590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42050525546073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3694770336151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3580840528011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3157392740249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06560015678405762}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7464824318885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7456498742103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.5481590628623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109157449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7371221","display_name":"Roundabout","level":2,"score":0.5017156600952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49779844284057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.47772690653800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44286590814590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42050525546073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3694770336151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3580840528011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3157392740249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06560015678405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001336","descriptor_name":"Automobiles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001336","descriptor_name":"Automobiles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001336","descriptor_name":"Automobiles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5551/pdf?version=1686731954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37420718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10305714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10305714","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10305714/pdf/sensors-23-05551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05e88bebf2e245afb4272289302c7b4c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05e88bebf2e245afb4272289302c7b4c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 5551 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/12/5551/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 5551","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5551/pdf?version=1686731954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324727","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380536487.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116278252","https://openalex.org/W1666243891","https://openalex.org/W1985757759","https://openalex.org/W2027649907","https://openalex.org/W2038432431","https://openalex.org/W2059732136","https://openalex.org/W2061733988","https://openalex.org/W2096562421","https://openalex.org/W2324736398","https://openalex.org/W2546925129","https://openalex.org/W2548042282","https://openalex.org/W2559988152","https://openalex.org/W2740887493","https://openalex.org/W2752561456","https://openalex.org/W2767056669","https://openalex.org/W2782102094","https://openalex.org/W2782851646","https://openalex.org/W2789868604","https://openalex.org/W2793506100","https://openalex.org/W2849636373","https://openalex.org/W2888319272","https://openalex.org/W2904112590","https://openalex.org/W2912346386","https://openalex.org/W2919287442","https://openalex.org/W2934625602","https://openalex.org/W2947918549","https://openalex.org/W2984146493","https://openalex.org/W3001866431","https://openalex.org/W3036522250","https://openalex.org/W3085966309","https://openalex.org/W3089356117","https://openalex.org/W3096994341","https://openalex.org/W3102219349","https://openalex.org/W3107732005","https://openalex.org/W3121896392","https://openalex.org/W3125605778","https://openalex.org/W3125753474","https://openalex.org/W3134689613","https://openalex.org/W3140759277","https://openalex.org/W3153065833","https://openalex.org/W3161502218","https://openalex.org/W3180832449","https://openalex.org/W3184840806","https://openalex.org/W3195733013","https://openalex.org/W3195927783","https://openalex.org/W3201189239","https://openalex.org/W3203668668","https://openalex.org/W4229070000","https://openalex.org/W4229379029","https://openalex.org/W4241615709","https://openalex.org/W4280636573","https://openalex.org/W4288908961","https://openalex.org/W4291034805","https://openalex.org/W4291910334","https://openalex.org/W4296307045","https://openalex.org/W4304783977","https://openalex.org/W4309852328","https://openalex.org/W4311426301","https://openalex.org/W4312127066","https://openalex.org/W4313055488","https://openalex.org/W4313518751","https://openalex.org/W4319997249","https://openalex.org/W4361009944","https://openalex.org/W6789932580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093826578","https://openalex.org/W4294237266","https://openalex.org/W3195565206","https://openalex.org/W647040144","https://openalex.org/W2176704059","https://openalex.org/W3118850949","https://openalex.org/W2558143469","https://openalex.org/W4375811566","https://openalex.org/W2989668789","https://openalex.org/W4312127264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"drive":[1],"safely,":[2],"the":[3,9,14,67,97,142],"driver":[4,35],"must":[5],"be":[6,18,64],"aware":[7],"of":[8,69,94,155],"surroundings,":[10],"pay":[11],"attention":[12],"to":[13,20,22,66,106,148,153],"road":[15],"traffic,":[16],"and":[17,37,81,100,114,121],"ready":[19],"adapt":[21],"new":[23],"circumstances.":[24],"Most":[25],"studies":[26],"on":[27,31,58],"driving":[28,54,129,137,163],"safety":[29],"focus":[30],"detecting":[32],"anomalies":[33],"in":[34,41,53,72,108],"behavior":[36],"monitoring":[38],"cognitive":[39],"capabilities":[40],"drivers.":[42],"In":[43],"our":[44],"study,":[45],"we":[46],"proposed":[47],"a":[48,55,59,82,164],"classifier":[49,90],"for":[50,96,127,135],"basic":[51,70],"activities":[52,71,107,138,151,154,161],"car,":[56],"based":[57],"similar":[60],"approach":[61],"that":[62,75,158],"could":[63],"applied":[65],"recognition":[68],"daily":[73,156],"life,":[74],"is,":[76],"using":[77,141],"electrooculographic":[78],"(EOG)":[79],"signals":[80],"one-dimensional":[83],"convolutional":[84],"neural":[85],"network":[86],"(1D":[87],"CNN).":[88],"Our":[89],"achieved":[91],"an":[92],"accuracy":[93,104],"80%":[95],"16":[98],"primary":[99,136],"secondary":[101,115,128,160],"activities.":[102],"The":[103,124],"related":[105,152],"driving,":[109],"including":[110],"crossroad,":[111],"parking,":[112],"roundabout,":[113],"activities,":[116],"was":[117,132,146],"97.9%,":[118],"96.8%,":[119],"97.4%,":[120],"99.5%,":[122],"respectively.":[123],"F1":[125],"score":[126],"actions":[130],"(0.99)":[131],"higher":[133],"than":[134],"(0.93-0.94).":[139],"Furthermore,":[140],"same":[143],"algorithm,":[144],"it":[145],"possible":[147],"distinguish":[149],"four":[150],"life":[157],"were":[159],"when":[162],"car.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
