{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380051000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125403","title":"Modified Gini Index Detector for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing over Line-of-Sight Channels","display_name":"Modified Gini Index Detector for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing over Line-of-Sight Channels","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380051000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125403","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5403/pdf?version=1686217197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5403/pdf?version=1686217197","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011144869","display_name":"Dayan Guimar\u00e3es","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-792X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71346753","display_name":"National Institute of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/0378w3a30","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71346753"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dayan Adionel Guimar\u00e3es","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Telecommunications\u2014Inatel, Av. Jo\u00e3o de Camargo 510, Santa Rita do Sapuca\u00ed 37540-000, MG, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-792X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Telecommunications\u2014Inatel, Av. Jo\u00e3o de Camargo 510, Santa Rita do Sapuca\u00ed 37540-000, MG, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71346753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011144869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71346753"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.1707,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79310046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"5403","last_page":"5403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6508595943450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5705012083053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4863305687904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.46460217237472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.46353936195373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.45774003863334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44840434193611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight","display_name":"Line-of-sight","score":0.44335752725601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3826538324356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30978524684906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26987433433532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2062552273273468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6508595943450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5705012083053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4863305687904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.46460217237472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.46353936195373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.45774003863334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44840434193611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.44335752725601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3826538324356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30978524684906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26987433433532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2062552273273468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5403/pdf?version=1686217197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37420570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10302314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10302314","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10302314/pdf/sensors-23-05403.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b423e9deb724e0388027be9601033e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b423e9deb724e0388027be9601033e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 5403 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/12/5403/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 5403","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23125403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5403/pdf?version=1686217197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1219691232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"302589/2021-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","funder_display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1384204577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01245.010604/2020-14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327335","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia, Inova\u00e7\u00f5es e Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2562717535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01245.010604/2020-14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","funder_display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G418467636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"302589/2021-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4283745296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01245.010604/2020-14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa","ror":"https://ror.org/04hztxs45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319367","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/0378w3a30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327335","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia, Inova\u00e7\u00f5es e Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380051000.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1025660791","https://openalex.org/W2037949688","https://openalex.org/W2065715415","https://openalex.org/W2067527842","https://openalex.org/W2087066039","https://openalex.org/W2129854524","https://openalex.org/W2150397642","https://openalex.org/W2165800172","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2773380244","https://openalex.org/W2902959697","https://openalex.org/W2907930484","https://openalex.org/W3042841986","https://openalex.org/W3147235462","https://openalex.org/W4366667985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W2359776416","https://openalex.org/W2349391998","https://openalex.org/W4205655149","https://openalex.org/W2353788488","https://openalex.org/W2000775715","https://openalex.org/W2998914036","https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W1554902475","https://openalex.org/W3214387023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"the":[1,40,48,56,73,77,86,89,93,97,103,115,121,127,137,140,156],"Gini":[2],"index":[3],"detector":[4],"(GID)":[5],"has":[6,39,106],"been":[7],"proposed":[8],"as":[9],"an":[10],"alternative":[11],"for":[12,20],"data-fusion":[13],"cooperative":[14],"spectrum":[15,141],"sensing,":[16],"being":[17],"mostly":[18],"suitable":[19],"channels":[21],"with":[22,80,149,153],"line-of-sight":[23],"or":[24],"dominant":[25],"multi-path":[26],"components.":[27],"The":[28,62],"GID":[29,64,128],"is":[30,53,66],"quite":[31],"robust":[32,50],"against":[33],"time-varying":[34],"noise":[35],"and":[36,52],"signal":[37],"powers,":[38],"constant":[41,108],"false-alarm":[42],"rate":[43,101],"property,":[44],"can":[45],"outperform":[46],"many":[47],"state-of-the-art":[49],"detectors,":[51],"one":[54],"of":[55,76,92,102,120,139],"simplest":[57],"detectors":[58],"developed":[59],"so":[60],"far.":[61],"modified":[63],"(mGID)":[65],"devised":[67],"in":[68,136],"this":[69,145],"article.":[70],"It":[71],"inherits":[72],"attractive":[74],"attributes":[75],"GID,":[78,104],"yet":[79],"a":[81,107,133],"computational":[82],"cost":[83],"far":[84],"below":[85],"GID.":[87,157],"Specifically,":[88],"time":[90,123],"complexity":[91],"mGID":[94,116],"obeys":[95],"approximately":[96,110,118],"same":[98],"run-time":[99],"growth":[100],"but":[105],"factor":[109],"23.4":[111],"times":[112],"smaller.":[113],"Equivalently,":[114],"takes":[117],"4%":[119],"computation":[122],"spent":[124],"to":[125,155],"calculate":[126],"test":[129],"statistic,":[130],"which":[131],"brings":[132],"huge":[134],"reduction":[135,147],"latency":[138,146],"sensing":[142],"process.":[143],"Moreover,":[144],"comes":[148],"no":[150],"performance":[151],"loss":[152],"respect":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}