{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378907171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115184","title":"An Assessment of In-the-Wild Datasets for Multimodal Emotion Recognition","display_name":"An Assessment of In-the-Wild Datasets for Multimodal Emotion Recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378907171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115184","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115184","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5184/pdf?version=1685691665","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5184/pdf?version=1685691665","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060109964","display_name":"Ana Aguilera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-1759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79274474","display_name":"University of Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/00h9jrb69","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79274474"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ana Aguilera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340000, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340000, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79274474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027450937","display_name":"Diego Mellado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8078-253X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79274474","display_name":"University of Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/00h9jrb69","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79274474"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Mellado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingenier\u00eda para la Salud, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340000, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingenier\u00eda para la Salud, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340000, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79274474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084941982","display_name":"Felipe Rojas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-6272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79274474","display_name":"University of Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/00h9jrb69","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79274474"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Rojas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340000, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340000, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79274474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060109964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79274474"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.0141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95599357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"5184","last_page":"5184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7158435583114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.6740617752075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.645291268825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.61924147605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5341334342956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.511814534664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.49959516525268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3930860459804535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3570953607559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34000885486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08324509859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0690934956073761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7158435583114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.6740617752075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.645291268825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.61924147605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5341334342956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.511814534664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.49959516525268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3930860459804535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3570953607559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34000885486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08324509859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0690934956073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073496","descriptor_name":"Frailty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073496","descriptor_name":"Frailty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073496","descriptor_name":"Frailty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115184","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5184/pdf?version=1685691665","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37299912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10255527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10255527","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10255527/pdf/sensors-23-05184.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5876d9932b7f49afba57413c3011d1fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5876d9932b7f49afba57413c3011d1fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 11, p 5184 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/11/5184/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 11; Pages: 5184","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115184","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5184/pdf?version=1685691665","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2457332238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-21221429","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322642","funder_display_name":"Universidad de Valpara\u00edso"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6160049558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"INICI UVA20993","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322642","funder_display_name":"Universidad de Valpara\u00edso"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322642","display_name":"Universidad de Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/00h9jrb69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378907171.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46948191","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1848799228","https://openalex.org/W1854236233","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W1981918162","https://openalex.org/W2006044072","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2083021723","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2146334809","https://openalex.org/W2191779130","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2243226955","https://openalex.org/W2246249023","https://openalex.org/W2406223855","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2546649374","https://openalex.org/W2573921730","https://openalex.org/W2583643061","https://openalex.org/W2610961739","https://openalex.org/W2655404332","https://openalex.org/W2738672149","https://openalex.org/W2744909235","https://openalex.org/W2753840835","https://openalex.org/W2767618761","https://openalex.org/W2782360958","https://openalex.org/W2798536775","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2883409523","https://openalex.org/W2895615590","https://openalex.org/W2918378401","https://openalex.org/W2950247511","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963712289","https://openalex.org/W2972463723","https://openalex.org/W2980393359","https://openalex.org/W2997026866","https://openalex.org/W2997258743","https://openalex.org/W2997531577","https://openalex.org/W3001587372","https://openalex.org/W3005980554","https://openalex.org/W3007708573","https://openalex.org/W3014475539","https://openalex.org/W3016018369","https://openalex.org/W3028860956","https://openalex.org/W3034520808","https://openalex.org/W3039156183","https://openalex.org/W3044285380","https://openalex.org/W3049547150","https://openalex.org/W3084624816","https://openalex.org/W3094309768","https://openalex.org/W3100513545","https://openalex.org/W3103114094","https://openalex.org/W3111427475","https://openalex.org/W3124054989","https://openalex.org/W3156576211","https://openalex.org/W3159301005","https://openalex.org/W3166059905","https://openalex.org/W3173396651","https://openalex.org/W3173751215","https://openalex.org/W3183891373","https://openalex.org/W3184571633","https://openalex.org/W3208096602","https://openalex.org/W4200435239","https://openalex.org/W4210940289","https://openalex.org/W4221166187","https://openalex.org/W4256441345","https://openalex.org/W4281802316","https://openalex.org/W4291653124","https://openalex.org/W4292794012","https://openalex.org/W4308539429","https://openalex.org/W4309552544","https://openalex.org/W4313531231","https://openalex.org/W6601908271","https://openalex.org/W6638844912","https://openalex.org/W6769949750","https://openalex.org/W6848133234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295769391","https://openalex.org/W2972220648","https://openalex.org/W2332667808","https://openalex.org/W1997921863","https://openalex.org/W3112960490","https://openalex.org/W93605524","https://openalex.org/W2021145421","https://openalex.org/W821271700","https://openalex.org/W3126677997","https://openalex.org/W1610857240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"emotion":[1,96],"recognition":[2,37,159],"implies":[3],"the":[4,42,75,117,195],"use":[5],"of":[6,19,41,77,85,143,175,197],"different":[7],"resources":[8],"and":[9,13,28,56,92,106,119,125,134,141,190],"techniques":[10],"for":[11,35,94,146,157],"identifying":[12],"recognizing":[14],"human":[15],"emotions.":[16],"A":[17,108],"variety":[18],"data":[20],"sources":[21],"such":[22,122],"as":[23,123],"faces,":[24],"speeches,":[25],"voices,":[26],"texts":[27],"others":[29],"have":[30],"to":[31,81,88,115,129,135,161,180],"be":[32],"processed":[33,189],"simultaneously":[34],"this":[36,73,78],"task.":[38],"However,":[39,139],"most":[40],"techniques,":[43],"which":[44],"are":[45,51,101,127,154,187],"based":[46],"mainly":[47],"on":[48],"Deep":[49],"Learning,":[50],"trained":[52],"using":[53],"datasets":[54,87,100,145,177],"designed":[55,112],"built":[57],"in":[58,64,132,178,194],"controlled":[59],"conditions,":[60],"making":[61],"their":[62,90,162],"applicability":[63],"real":[65,68],"contexts":[66],"with":[67],"conditions":[69],"more":[70],"difficult.":[71],"For":[72],"reason,":[74],"aim":[76],"work":[79],"is":[80,113],"assess":[82],"a":[83,173,191],"set":[84],"in-the-wild":[86,99],"show":[89],"strengths":[91,140],"weaknesses":[93,142],"multimodal":[95,109,158],"recognition.":[97,169],"Four":[98],"evaluated:":[102],"AFEW,":[103],"SFEW,":[104],"MELD":[105],"AffWild2.":[107],"architecture":[110],"previously":[111],"used":[114,128],"perform":[116],"evaluation":[118],"classical":[120],"metrics":[121],"accuracy":[124],"F1-Score":[126],"measure":[130],"performance":[131],"training":[133],"validate":[136],"quantitative":[137],"results.":[138],"these":[144],"various":[147],"uses":[148],"indicate":[149],"that":[150],"by":[151,199],"themselves":[152],"they":[153],"not":[155],"appropriate":[156],"due":[160],"original":[163],"purpose,":[164],"e.g.,":[165],"face":[166],"or":[167],"speech":[168],"Therefore,":[170],"we":[171],"recommend":[172],"combination":[174],"multiple":[176],"order":[179],"obtain":[181],"better":[182],"results":[183],"when":[184],"new":[185],"samples":[186,198],"being":[188],"good":[192],"balance":[193],"number":[196],"class.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
