{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378710488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115118","title":"Monte Carlo Simulation of Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for 3D Modeling of Dental Tissues","display_name":"Monte Carlo Simulation of Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for 3D Modeling of Dental Tissues","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378710488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115118","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5118/pdf?version=1685340539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5118/pdf?version=1685340539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107975980","display_name":"Mousa Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-9523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mousa Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-9523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402064","display_name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7049-1285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100402064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.2078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87823077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"5118","last_page":"5118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmittance","display_name":"Transmittance","score":0.8147075772285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.7180318832397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6038171052932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5928026437759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-reflection","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","score":0.5287190079689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-reflectance-infrared-fourier-transform","display_name":"Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform","score":0.5229992270469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.4731489419937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.4714561402797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.45655977725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorbance","display_name":"Absorbance","score":0.44265228509902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3657876253128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3472936451435089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.17354288697242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14795327186584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08210259675979614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150493377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427863","display_name":"Transmittance","level":2,"score":0.8147075772285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.7180318832397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6038171052932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5928026437759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82261727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154504","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","level":2,"score":0.5287190079689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156328458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275423","display_name":"Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.5229992270469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.4731489419937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.4714561402797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.45655977725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98015330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907315","display_name":"Absorbance","level":2,"score":0.44265228509902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3657876253128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3472936451435089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.17354288697242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14795327186584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08210259675979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831","display_name":"Photocatalysis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012542","descriptor_name":"Scattering, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012542","descriptor_name":"Scattering, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012542","descriptor_name":"Scattering, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5118/pdf?version=1685340539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37299844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10255649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10255649","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10255649/pdf/sensors-23-05118.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb7b01ed3cfd48c390d8f7e5ef3eae7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb7b01ed3cfd48c390d8f7e5ef3eae7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 11, p 5118 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/11/5118/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 11; Pages: 5118","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5118/pdf?version=1685340539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378710488.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1921008419","https://openalex.org/W1968056651","https://openalex.org/W1983080858","https://openalex.org/W1986135915","https://openalex.org/W1989232208","https://openalex.org/W1997121977","https://openalex.org/W2008204574","https://openalex.org/W2012500966","https://openalex.org/W2013492930","https://openalex.org/W2027921508","https://openalex.org/W2035476976","https://openalex.org/W2086689766","https://openalex.org/W2095346185","https://openalex.org/W2097683070","https://openalex.org/W2126857474","https://openalex.org/W2143150256","https://openalex.org/W2151069728","https://openalex.org/W2151232658","https://openalex.org/W2166163757","https://openalex.org/W2398228929","https://openalex.org/W2746891030","https://openalex.org/W2770278889","https://openalex.org/W2809714082","https://openalex.org/W2889994066","https://openalex.org/W2899709177","https://openalex.org/W2901622036","https://openalex.org/W2904488168","https://openalex.org/W2914695435","https://openalex.org/W2965548776","https://openalex.org/W3003383879","https://openalex.org/W4210497981","https://openalex.org/W4210822430","https://openalex.org/W4229060955","https://openalex.org/W4229332466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382139692","https://openalex.org/W2334153151","https://openalex.org/W4386280053","https://openalex.org/W2047717288","https://openalex.org/W1976861519","https://openalex.org/W2059605353","https://openalex.org/W3127791167","https://openalex.org/W2002983552","https://openalex.org/W1991602237","https://openalex.org/W2127527588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three-dimensional":[0],"precise":[1],"models":[2],"of":[3,10,41,67,97],"teeth":[4,42],"are":[5,22],"critical":[6],"for":[7,37,74,111],"a":[8,34,64,84,116],"variety":[9],"dental":[11,59,192],"procedures,":[12],"including":[13],"orthodontics,":[14],"prosthodontics,":[15],"and":[16,77,107,135,156,178,190,194],"implantology.":[17],"While":[18],"X-ray-based":[19],"imaging":[20],"devices":[21,32],"commonly":[23],"used":[24],"to":[25,46,93,127,187],"obtain":[26],"anatomical":[27],"information":[28],"about":[29],"teeth,":[30],"optical":[31,55,99],"offer":[33],"promising":[35],"alternative":[36],"acquiring":[38],"3D":[39,117],"data":[40,158],"without":[43],"exposing":[44],"patients":[45],"harmful":[47],"radiation.":[48],"Previous":[49],"research":[50],"has":[51,90],"not":[52],"examined":[53],"the":[54,95,124,142,148,152,167,172],"interactions":[56,114],"with":[57,145],"all":[58],"tissue":[60],"compartments":[61],"nor":[62],"provided":[63],"thorough":[65],"analysis":[66],"detected":[68,168],"signals":[69,130],"at":[70,104,131,163],"various":[71],"boundary":[72],"conditions":[73],"both":[75,132,176],"transmittance":[76,143,157,179],"reflectance":[78,149,177],"modes.":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"this":[82],"gap,":[83],"GPU-based":[85],"Monte":[86],"Carlo":[87],"(MC)":[88],"method":[89],"been":[91],"utilized":[92],"assess":[94],"feasibility":[96],"diffuse":[98],"spectroscopy":[100],"(DOS)":[101],"systems":[102],"operating":[103],"633":[105,133],"nm":[106,109,134,137],"1310":[108,136],"wavelengths":[110,138],"simulating":[112],"light-tissue":[113],"in":[115,141,147,175],"tooth":[118],"model.":[119],"The":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"that":[123,146,160],"system's":[125],"sensitivity":[126],"detect":[128],"pulp":[129,173],"is":[139],"higher":[140],"compared":[144],"mode.":[150],"Analyzing":[151],"recorded":[153],"absorbance,":[154],"reflectance,":[155],"verified":[159],"surface":[161],"reflection":[162],"boundaries":[164],"can":[165],"improve":[166],"signal,":[169],"especially":[170],"from":[171],"region":[174],"DOS":[180],"systems.":[181],"These":[182],"findings":[183],"could":[184],"ultimately":[185],"lead":[186],"more":[188],"accurate":[189],"effective":[191],"diagnosis":[193],"treatment.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}