{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378379053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115078","title":"GPR Clutter Removal Based on Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization for Nonparallel Cases","display_name":"GPR Clutter Removal Based on Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization for Nonparallel Cases","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378379053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115078","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5078/pdf?version=1685070861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5078/pdf?version=1685070861","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018697415","display_name":"Li Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-7598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-7598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108091870","display_name":"Chenyan Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057421496","display_name":"Zezhou Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zezhou Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077450477","display_name":"Hang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-5928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-5928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074463821","display_name":"Jingxia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-8278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingxia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-8278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074463821","display_name":"Jingxia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-8278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingxia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-8278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108912876","display_name":"Bingjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-4122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007056542","display_name":"J.J. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8330-3135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiasu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007056542","display_name":"J.J. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8330-3135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiasu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information & Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers & Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007056542","https://openalex.org/A5074463821","https://openalex.org/A5077450477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4572,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79843095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"5078","last_page":"5078"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.9215356111526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.908555269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-norm","display_name":"Matrix norm","score":0.5770604014396667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5565372705459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.5095086693763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4788229763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4739420711994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-completion","display_name":"Matrix completion","score":0.4572997987270355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.42074882984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4170164167881012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35790586471557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19816631078720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.12850946187973022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.9215356111526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.908555269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92207270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939253","display_name":"Matrix norm","level":3,"score":0.5770604014396667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5565372705459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5095086693763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4788229763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4739420711994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778459887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6787865","display_name":"Matrix completion","level":3,"score":0.4572997987270355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42074882984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4170164167881012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35790586471557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19816631078720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12850946187973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5078/pdf?version=1685070861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37299806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10255216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10255216","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10255216/pdf/sensors-23-05078.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7731e0d6c4214c1c9fb3efb72c5e6cc9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7731e0d6c4214c1c9fb3efb72c5e6cc9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 11, p 5078 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/11/5078/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 11; Pages: 5078","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23115078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5078/pdf?version=1685070861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3843059205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601319","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G553852494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41604127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608318700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42174175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378379053.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W282757658","https://openalex.org/W315693871","https://openalex.org/W1879695671","https://openalex.org/W1967814812","https://openalex.org/W2042945859","https://openalex.org/W2048695508","https://openalex.org/W2077655268","https://openalex.org/W2097420428","https://openalex.org/W2142825035","https://openalex.org/W2202811667","https://openalex.org/W2518909974","https://openalex.org/W2528186534","https://openalex.org/W2605670924","https://openalex.org/W2617720975","https://openalex.org/W2728294189","https://openalex.org/W2735089946","https://openalex.org/W2735688665","https://openalex.org/W2790361856","https://openalex.org/W2794881565","https://openalex.org/W2808182901","https://openalex.org/W2810458289","https://openalex.org/W2890647011","https://openalex.org/W2893824312","https://openalex.org/W2910031945","https://openalex.org/W2951401720","https://openalex.org/W2951443864","https://openalex.org/W2972774735","https://openalex.org/W2988569866","https://openalex.org/W3011039823","https://openalex.org/W3016990741","https://openalex.org/W3044021650","https://openalex.org/W3090178411","https://openalex.org/W3146305085","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W3174465795","https://openalex.org/W3185315065","https://openalex.org/W3192901833","https://openalex.org/W3208119034","https://openalex.org/W4200411964","https://openalex.org/W4205458322","https://openalex.org/W4226458280","https://openalex.org/W4280551717","https://openalex.org/W4293225074","https://openalex.org/W4298145819","https://openalex.org/W6784057294","https://openalex.org/W6797010936","https://openalex.org/W6799603510","https://openalex.org/W6802916283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028603514","https://openalex.org/W2594023433","https://openalex.org/W2106005123","https://openalex.org/W1969698720","https://openalex.org/W4302315572","https://openalex.org/W2964006653","https://openalex.org/W2788826952","https://openalex.org/W2325477568","https://openalex.org/W3038662035","https://openalex.org/W2289262545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ground-penetrating":[0],"radar":[1],"(GPR)":[2],"is":[3,17,53,89,111,146,155],"an":[4],"effective":[5],"geophysical":[6],"electromagnetic":[7],"method":[8,45,136],"for":[9,30,157],"underground":[10],"target":[11,15,68],"detection.":[12],"However,":[13],"the":[14,25,31,35,38,57,104,117,123,134,138,141,152],"response":[16],"usually":[18],"overwhelmed":[19],"by":[20,70],"strong":[21],"clutter,":[22],"thus":[23],"damaging":[24],"detection":[26],"performance.":[27],"To":[28],"account":[29],"nonparallel":[32,142],"case":[33],"of":[34,116],"antennas":[36],"and":[37,65,77,95,122,129],"ground":[39],"surface,":[40],"a":[41,61,66,72],"novel":[42],"GPR":[43,99],"clutter-removal":[44],"based":[46],"on":[47],"weighted":[48,74],"nuclear":[49,75],"norm":[50,76],"minimization":[51],"(WNNM)":[52],"proposed,":[54],"which":[55,154],"decomposes":[56],"B-scan":[58],"image":[59],"into":[60],"low-rank":[62],"clutter":[63,108],"matrix":[64,69],"sparse":[67],"using":[71,91],"non-convex":[73],"assigning":[78],"different":[79,82],"weights":[80],"to":[81],"singular":[83],"values.":[84],"The":[85,127],"WNNM":[86],"method's":[87],"performance":[88],"evaluated":[90],"both":[92],"numerical":[93],"simulations":[94],"experiments":[96],"with":[97,103],"real":[98],"systems.":[100],"Comparative":[101],"analysis":[102],"commonly":[105],"used":[106],"state-of-the-art":[107],"removal":[109],"methods":[110],"also":[112],"conducted":[113],"in":[114,140],"terms":[115],"peak":[118],"signal-to-noise":[119],"ratio":[120],"(PSNR)":[121],"improvement":[124],"factor":[125],"(IF).":[126],"visualization":[128],"quantitative":[130],"results":[131],"demonstrate":[132],"that":[133],"proposed":[135],"outperforms":[137],"others":[139],"case.":[143],"Moreover,":[144],"it":[145],"about":[147],"five":[148],"times":[149],"faster":[150],"than":[151],"RPCA,":[153],"beneficial":[156],"practical":[158],"applications.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
