{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378085558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23114996","title":"COVID-19 Detection from Cough Recordings Using Bag-of-Words Classifiers","display_name":"COVID-19 Detection from Cough Recordings Using Bag-of-Words Classifiers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378085558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23114996","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23114996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23114996","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/4996/pdf?version=1684834810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/4996/pdf?version=1684834810","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010299932","display_name":"Irina Pavel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8475-7339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108695","display_name":"Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Ia\u0219i","ror":"https://ror.org/014zxnz40","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Pavel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I 11A, 700050 Iasi, Romania","Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, \"Gheorghe Asachi\" Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I 11A, 700050 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I 11A, 700050 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, \"Gheorghe Asachi\" Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I 11A, 700050 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077406158","display_name":"Iulian B. Ciocoiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6935-3387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108695","display_name":"Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Ia\u0219i","ror":"https://ror.org/014zxnz40","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iulian B. Ciocoiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I 11A, 700050 Iasi, Romania","Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, \"Gheorghe Asachi\" Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I 11A, 700050 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6935-3387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I 11A, 700050 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, \"Gheorghe Asachi\" Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I 11A, 700050 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077406158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.2466,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88765646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"4996","last_page":"4996"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7308838367462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.6950532793998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6601163148880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6482113003730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6084713935852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5502325892448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.5462349653244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4957176446914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4411982595920563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4279487729072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.42347830533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.42040857672691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4120178818702698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.21547064185142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10138046741485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07198148965835571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7308838367462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.6950532793998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6601163148880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6482113003730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6084713935852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5502325892448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5462349653244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4957176446914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4411982595920563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4279487729072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.42347830533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.42040857672691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4120178818702698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.21547064185142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10138046741485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07198148965835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019540","descriptor_name":"Area Under Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019540","descriptor_name":"Area Under Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019540","descriptor_name":"Area Under Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019540","descriptor_name":"Area Under Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23114996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23114996","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/4996/pdf?version=1684834810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37299721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10255075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10255075","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10255075/pdf/sensors-23-04996.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:70d09899c86c4ff2b17bc349ea8c2ba2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/70d09899c86c4ff2b17bc349ea8c2ba2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 11, p 4996 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/11/4996/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23114996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 11; Pages: 4996","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23114996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23114996","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/4996/pdf?version=1684834810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378085558.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492807824","https://openalex.org/W1975257359","https://openalex.org/W1981982281","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2078204800","https://openalex.org/W2085662862","https://openalex.org/W2112447569","https://openalex.org/W2119667497","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2140499889","https://openalex.org/W2145012779","https://openalex.org/W2155982020","https://openalex.org/W2163398148","https://openalex.org/W2164274563","https://openalex.org/W2526050071","https://openalex.org/W2593116425","https://openalex.org/W2606089314","https://openalex.org/W2607588891","https://openalex.org/W2890964092","https://openalex.org/W3014524604","https://openalex.org/W3088067841","https://openalex.org/W3119527628","https://openalex.org/W3136933888","https://openalex.org/W3152531055","https://openalex.org/W3175301885","https://openalex.org/W3175510762","https://openalex.org/W3198401195","https://openalex.org/W3205121714","https://openalex.org/W4220739733","https://openalex.org/W4220867566","https://openalex.org/W4220933598","https://openalex.org/W4225750634","https://openalex.org/W4233548532","https://openalex.org/W4308194484","https://openalex.org/W4309777854","https://openalex.org/W4313525337","https://openalex.org/W4318464905","https://openalex.org/W6676727762","https://openalex.org/W6678853083","https://openalex.org/W6847293362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293149949","https://openalex.org/W2026099691","https://openalex.org/W4284672201","https://openalex.org/W2377486419","https://openalex.org/W2943202426","https://openalex.org/W2950156284","https://openalex.org/W2736714427","https://openalex.org/W2163679795","https://openalex.org/W2137816434","https://openalex.org/W2012023010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable":[0],"detection":[1],"of":[2,14,30,46,87],"COVID-19":[3,71],"from":[4],"cough":[5],"recordings":[6],"is":[7,26],"evaluated":[8,27],"using":[9,15,60],"bag-of-words":[10],"classifiers.":[11],"The":[12],"effect":[13,45],"four":[16,22],"distinct":[17],"feature":[18,88],"extraction":[19],"procedures":[20],"and":[21,38,49,53,70,92],"different":[23],"encoding":[24,77,90],"strategies":[25],"in":[28],"terms":[29],"the":[31,44,68,79],"Area":[32],"Under":[33],"Curve":[34],"(AUC),":[35],"accuracy,":[36],"sensitivity,":[37],"F1-score.":[39],"Additional":[40],"studies":[41],"include":[42],"assessing":[43],"both":[47],"input":[48],"output":[50],"fusion":[51],"approaches":[52],"a":[54],"comparative":[55],"analysis":[56],"against":[57,84],"2D":[58],"solutions":[59],"Convolutional":[61],"Neural":[62],"Networks.":[63],"Extensive":[64],"experiments":[65],"conducted":[66],"on":[67],"COUGHVID":[69],"Sounds":[72],"datasets":[73],"indicate":[74],"that":[75],"sparse":[76],"yields":[78],"best":[80],"performances,":[81],"showing":[82],"robustness":[83],"various":[85],"combinations":[86],"type,":[89],"strategy,":[91],"codebook":[93],"dimension":[94],"parameters.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
