{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377294066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104929","title":"Lightweight LSTM-Based Adaptive CQI Feedback Scheme for IoT Devices","display_name":"Lightweight LSTM-Based Adaptive CQI Feedback Scheme for IoT Devices","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377294066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104929","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4929/pdf?version=1684571400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4929/pdf?version=1684571400","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029460598","display_name":"Noel Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-9698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-9698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045676802","display_name":"Il\u2010Min Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-8057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Il-Min Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-8057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079888022","display_name":"Jaewoo So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-7197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaewoo So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-7197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079888022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6638,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62900629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"4929","last_page":"4929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7743555307388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.629776120185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6211080551147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5857177376747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5539617538452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5189068913459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4985625743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4961598813533783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4676608145236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4307917356491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39403724670410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.347225546836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3237454295158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.22035440802574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13243725895881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1261620819568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07512426376342773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7743555307388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.629776120185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6211080551147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5857177376747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5539617538452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5189068913459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4985625743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4961598813533783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4676608145236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4307917356491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39403724670410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.347225546836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3237454295158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.22035440802574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13243725895881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1261620819568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07512426376342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4929/pdf?version=1684571400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37430843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10220904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10220904","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10220904/pdf/sensors-23-04929.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1b8f88d09b440f390f86f8c87c89130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1b8f88d09b440f390f86f8c87c89130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 10, p 4929 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/10/4929/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 10; Pages: 4929","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4929/pdf?version=1684571400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6586694151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1F1A1062696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377294066.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794745722","https://openalex.org/W2796802856","https://openalex.org/W2886124254","https://openalex.org/W2901240584","https://openalex.org/W2904107554","https://openalex.org/W2911910187","https://openalex.org/W2934461909","https://openalex.org/W2953889685","https://openalex.org/W2963145597","https://openalex.org/W2982360987","https://openalex.org/W2997898318","https://openalex.org/W2998590937","https://openalex.org/W2999917673","https://openalex.org/W3003689553","https://openalex.org/W3005093932","https://openalex.org/W3023513190","https://openalex.org/W3045610411","https://openalex.org/W3045769129","https://openalex.org/W3158675441","https://openalex.org/W3164665065","https://openalex.org/W3170853162","https://openalex.org/W3183856285","https://openalex.org/W3189280485","https://openalex.org/W3194017222","https://openalex.org/W3202255831","https://openalex.org/W3203258883","https://openalex.org/W3211426656","https://openalex.org/W3217719178","https://openalex.org/W4226021198","https://openalex.org/W4229641819","https://openalex.org/W4292187374","https://openalex.org/W4312050602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2800473611","https://openalex.org/W2106711889","https://openalex.org/W4226210192","https://openalex.org/W2114648181","https://openalex.org/W1967286561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,14,29,34,58,63,71,75,79,86,88,106,121,130,133,149,156,164,171,177,184],"number":[2],"of":[3,5,39,124,132,170],"Internet":[4],"things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"devices":[8,19,40,126],"increases":[9],"exponentially,":[10],"scheduling":[11],"and":[12,65],"managing":[13],"radio":[15,27],"resources":[16],"for":[17],"IoT":[18,76,107,125],"has":[20],"become":[21],"more":[22,80,87],"important.":[23],"To":[24],"efficiently":[25],"allocate":[26],"resources,":[28],"base":[30],"station":[31],"(BS)":[32],"needs":[33,46],"channel":[35,53,117],"state":[36],"information":[37],"(CSI)":[38],"every":[41],"time.":[42],"Hence,":[43,140],"each":[44],"device":[45,82,108],"to":[47,57,147],"periodically":[48],"(or":[49],"aperiodically)":[50],"report":[51],"its":[52,84,111],"quality":[54],"indicator":[55],"(CQI)":[56],"BS.":[59],"The":[60,151],"BS":[61],"determines":[62],"modulation":[64],"coding":[66],"scheme":[67,161],"(MCS)":[68],"based":[69],"on":[70,114],"CQI":[72,102,112],"reported":[73],"by":[74],"device.":[77],"However,":[78],"a":[81,97,143],"reports":[83,110],"CQI,":[85],"feedback":[89,103,165,174],"overhead":[90,166],"increases.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"we":[95,141],"propose":[96,142],"long":[98],"short-term":[99],"memory":[100,122],"(LSTM)-based":[101],"scheme,":[104],"where":[105],"aperiodically":[109],"relying":[113],"an":[115],"LSTM-based":[116,159],"prediction.":[118],"Additionally,":[119],"because":[120],"capacity":[123],"is":[127],"generally":[128],"small,":[129],"complexity":[131,185],"machine":[134],"learning":[135],"model":[136,146,181],"must":[137],"be":[138],"reduced.":[139],"lightweight":[144,158,179],"LSTM":[145,180],"reduce":[148],"complexity.":[150],"simulation":[152],"results":[153],"show":[154],"that":[155,169],"proposed":[157,178],"CSI":[160],"dramatically":[162],"reduces":[163,183],"compared":[167],"with":[168],"existing":[172],"periodic":[173],"scheme.":[175],"Moreover,":[176],"significantly":[182],"without":[186],"sacrificing":[187],"performance.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}