{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377292703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104925","title":"Object Detection of Flexible Objects with Arbitrary Orientation Based on Rotation-Adaptive YOLOv5","display_name":"Object Detection of Flexible Objects with Arbitrary Orientation Based on Rotation-Adaptive YOLOv5","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377292703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104925","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4925/pdf?version=1684568409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4925/pdf?version=1684568409","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621605","display_name":"Jiajun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-343X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069237390","display_name":"Lumei Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-0188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lumei Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","Xiamen Key Laboratory of Frontier Electric Power Equipment and Intelligent Control, Xiamen 361024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Frontier Electric Power Equipment and Intelligent Control, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351972","display_name":"Zhiwei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8499-1050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650507","display_name":"Yuhan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-1608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010983432","display_name":"Jiaming Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6385-8141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016914541","display_name":"Tianyou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8362-4796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069237390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3228,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82467999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"4925","last_page":"4925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.8317165970802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6802018880844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6535923480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.639173150062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.6367473602294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5878416895866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5582923889160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5441405177116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5184025764465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5101502537727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.490254670381546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.48499009013175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.454780250787735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.43615010380744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41556552052497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.28936445713043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23190408945083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19148015975952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10346847772598267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.8317165970802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6802018880844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6535923480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.639173150062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6367473602294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5878416895866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5582923889160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5441405177116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5184025764465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5101502537727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.490254670381546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48499009013175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.454780250787735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.43615010380744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41556552052497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28936445713043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23190408945083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19148015975952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10346847772598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4925/pdf?version=1684568409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37430839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10223194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10223194","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10223194/pdf/sensors-23-04925.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92d554091cc34abf8f95a03ae03d5dfb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92d554091cc34abf8f95a03ae03d5dfb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 10, p 4925 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/10/4925/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 10; Pages: 4925","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4925/pdf?version=1684568409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6578461858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61903315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377292703.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2788202095","https://openalex.org/W2855340099","https://openalex.org/W2941472577","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2953106684","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963087201","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2966307781","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W3011225259","https://openalex.org/W3035014997","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3099008583","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3109055651","https://openalex.org/W3117679121","https://openalex.org/W3139593471","https://openalex.org/W3151783630","https://openalex.org/W3170033848","https://openalex.org/W3176049234","https://openalex.org/W4206044799","https://openalex.org/W4321789795","https://openalex.org/W4322503716","https://openalex.org/W4360897689","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6787687071","https://openalex.org/W6793372910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540960825","https://openalex.org/W3211653591","https://openalex.org/W2766547489","https://openalex.org/W3015973434","https://openalex.org/W4200631932","https://openalex.org/W4226394095","https://openalex.org/W4283591886","https://openalex.org/W2489489317","https://openalex.org/W4285816743","https://openalex.org/W1564558219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,22,77,121,160,175,257],"challenging":[2],"to":[3,38,71,80,100,123,177],"accurately":[4],"detect":[5,101],"flexible":[6,102,137],"objects":[7,103,138],"with":[8,94,104,139,195],"arbitrary":[9,105],"orientation":[10],"from":[11],"monitoring":[12],"images":[13,25],"in":[14,52],"power":[15],"grid":[16],"maintenance":[17],"and":[18,33,112,144,166,205,224,230,234,245,267],"inspection":[19],"sites.":[20],"This":[21,87],"because":[23],"these":[24,211],"exhibit":[26],"a":[27,44,90,95,117,246,254],"significant":[28],"imbalance":[29],"between":[30],"the":[31,50,66,84,109,125,149,155,172,182,227,264,273,278],"foreground":[32],"background,":[34],"which":[35],"can":[36,68],"lead":[37],"low":[39],"detection":[40,55,59,135],"accuracy":[41,70,76,244],"when":[42],"using":[43,163],"horizontal":[45],"bounding":[46,97,131,157,184],"box":[47,98,158],"(HBB)":[48],"as":[49,65],"detector":[51,67],"general":[53],"object":[54],"algorithms.":[56],"Existing":[57],"multi-oriented":[58],"algorithms":[60],"that":[61,210,256],"use":[62],"irregular":[63],"polygons":[64],"improve":[69],"some":[72],"extent,":[73],"but":[74],"their":[75],"limited":[78],"due":[79],"boundary":[81,151],"problems":[82],"during":[83],"training":[85,179],"process.":[86],"paper":[88],"proposes":[89],"rotation-adaptive":[91],"YOLOv5":[92,275],"(R_YOLOv5)":[93],"rotated":[96],"(RBB)":[99],"orientation,":[106],"effectively":[107],"addressing":[108],"above":[110],"issues":[111],"achieving":[113],"high":[114],"accuracy.":[115],"Firstly,":[116],"long-side":[118],"representation":[119],"method":[120],"used":[122],"add":[124],"degree":[126],"of":[127,136,220],"freedom":[128],"(DOF)":[129],"for":[130,181],"boxes,":[132],"enabling":[133],"accurate":[134],"large":[140],"spans,":[141],"deformable":[142],"shapes,":[143],"small":[145],"foreground-to-background":[146],"ratios.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"further":[150],"problem":[152],"induced":[153],"by":[154,162],"proposed":[156],"strategy":[159],"overcome":[161],"classification":[164],"discretization":[165],"symmetric":[167],"function":[168,174],"mapping":[169],"methods.":[170],"Finally,":[171],"loss":[173],"optimized":[176],"ensure":[178],"convergence":[180],"new":[183],"box.":[185],"To":[186],"meet":[187],"various":[188],"practical":[189],"requirements,":[190],"we":[191],"propose":[192],"four":[193,212],"models":[194,213],"different":[196],"scales":[197],"based":[198],"on":[199,226,236,263,277],"YOLOv5,":[200],"namely":[201],"R_YOLOv5s,":[202],"R_YOLOv5m,":[203],"R_YOLOv5l,":[204],"R_YOLOv5x.":[206],"Experimental":[207],"results":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"achieve":[214],"mean":[215],"average":[216],"precision":[217],"(mAP)":[218],"values":[219],"0.712,":[221],"0.731,":[222],"0.736,":[223],"0.745":[225],"DOTA-v1.5":[228],"dataset":[229,266],"0.579,":[231],"0.629,":[232],"0.689,":[233],"0.713":[235],"our":[237],"self-built":[238],"FO":[239,279],"dataset,":[240],"exhibiting":[241],"higher":[242,260,271],"recognition":[243],"stronger":[247],"generalization":[248],"ability.":[249],"Among":[250],"them,":[251],"R_YOLOv5x":[252],"achieves":[253],"mAP":[255],"about":[258],"6.84%":[259],"than":[261,272],"ReDet":[262],"DOTAv-1.5":[265],"at":[268],"least":[269],"2%":[270],"original":[274],"model":[276],"dataset.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}