{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376612348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104744","title":"Pedestrian Localization with Stride-Wise Error Estimation and Compensation by Fusion of UWB and IMU Data","display_name":"Pedestrian Localization with Stride-Wise Error Estimation and Compensation by Fusion of UWB and IMU Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376612348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104744","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104744","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4744/pdf?version=1684136588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4744/pdf?version=1684136588","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091607429","display_name":"Fabian H\u00f6lzke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6849-1809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabian H\u00f6lzke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Microelectronics and CE, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6849-1809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Microelectronics and CE, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073000737","display_name":"Hagen Borstell","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hagen Borstell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thorsis Technologies GmbH, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thorsis Technologies GmbH, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080389399","display_name":"Frank Golatowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0848-7784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Golatowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Microelectronics and CE, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0848-7784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Microelectronics and CE, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063619304","display_name":"Christian Haubelt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-5423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Haubelt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Microelectronics and CE, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-5423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Microelectronics and CE, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091607429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":1454,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1568},"fwci":0.2492,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51122239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"4744","last_page":"4744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.7968177795410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stride","display_name":"STRIDE","score":0.6912116408348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6799067854881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5341531038284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.5120096802711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4472613036632538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4346778392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-wideband","display_name":"Ultra-wideband","score":0.42579758167266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4178179204463959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4109153151512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40355104207992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3697190284729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12550345063209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11049830913543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09201565384864807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.7968177795410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18007350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7394815","display_name":"STRIDE","level":2,"score":0.6912116408348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6799067854881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5341531038284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.5120096802711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4472613036632538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4346778392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21916231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851424","display_name":"Ultra-wideband","level":2,"score":0.42579758167266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4178179204463959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4109153151512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40355104207992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3697190284729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12550345063209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11049830913543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09201565384864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104744","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4744/pdf?version=1684136588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37430659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10223049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10223049","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10223049/pdf/sensors-23-04744.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5221cb65981b44878d6cc6cd6a5bbdcc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5221cb65981b44878d6cc6cd6a5bbdcc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 10, p 4744 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/10/4744/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 10; Pages: 4744","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104744","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4744/pdf?version=1684136588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2472046572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"512855535","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5121210419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IS17027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376612348.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80737848","https://openalex.org/W1498622074","https://openalex.org/W1902695931","https://openalex.org/W1985710418","https://openalex.org/W2013002270","https://openalex.org/W2040104067","https://openalex.org/W2052746091","https://openalex.org/W2074394783","https://openalex.org/W2078179989","https://openalex.org/W2079006947","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2118306368","https://openalex.org/W2156064084","https://openalex.org/W2612922558","https://openalex.org/W2768657325","https://openalex.org/W2807841289","https://openalex.org/W2901356811","https://openalex.org/W2902407417","https://openalex.org/W2902750893","https://openalex.org/W2903814495","https://openalex.org/W2947457111","https://openalex.org/W2968825802","https://openalex.org/W2969611331","https://openalex.org/W2980887327","https://openalex.org/W2983558656","https://openalex.org/W2990862323","https://openalex.org/W2995695986","https://openalex.org/W2997646800","https://openalex.org/W2999654750","https://openalex.org/W3003774823","https://openalex.org/W3004316703","https://openalex.org/W3033586993","https://openalex.org/W3047749420","https://openalex.org/W3048035347","https://openalex.org/W3088309240","https://openalex.org/W3103787556","https://openalex.org/W3120364461","https://openalex.org/W3120834810","https://openalex.org/W3129694821","https://openalex.org/W3149021053","https://openalex.org/W3154148285","https://openalex.org/W3155991567","https://openalex.org/W3163551446","https://openalex.org/W3184959411","https://openalex.org/W3193843170","https://openalex.org/W3213185032","https://openalex.org/W4200277123","https://openalex.org/W4206120196","https://openalex.org/W4213273850","https://openalex.org/W4233762729","https://openalex.org/W4286572029","https://openalex.org/W4307546821","https://openalex.org/W4312214285","https://openalex.org/W6756496239","https://openalex.org/W6766876578","https://openalex.org/W6793732658","https://openalex.org/W6999476606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W3044810324","https://openalex.org/W3206500252","https://openalex.org/W2597513713","https://openalex.org/W4280578603","https://openalex.org/W2803265893","https://openalex.org/W4312990322","https://openalex.org/W2134186565","https://openalex.org/W2794169986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"positioning":[1,36,62,134,165,205],"enables":[2],"mobile":[3],"machines":[4],"to":[5,88],"perform":[6],"tasks":[7],"(semi-)automatically,":[8],"such":[9,194],"as":[10,193],"following":[11],"an":[12,57],"operator.":[13],"However,":[14],"the":[15,24,27,33,42,60,104,108,152],"usefulness":[16],"and":[17,145,179,192,203],"safety":[18],"of":[19,26,35,59,107,119,143,154,186],"these":[20,99],"applications":[21],"depends":[22],"on":[23,158],"reliability":[25,106],"estimated":[28],"operator":[29],"localization.":[30],"Thus,":[31],"quantifying":[32],"accuracy":[34],"at":[37,170],"runtime":[38,171],"is":[39,184],"critical":[40],"for":[41,64,199],"application":[43],"in":[44,127,137],"real-world":[45],"industrial":[46],"contexts.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,71,102,150],"present":[52],"a":[53,73,92,196],"method":[54,126,183],"that":[55,131,164],"produces":[56],"estimate":[58,103],"current":[61,105],"error":[63,206],"each":[65],"user":[66,174],"stride.":[67],"To":[68],"accomplish":[69],"this,":[70],"construct":[72],"virtual":[74,83],"stride":[75,89],"vector":[76,121],"from":[77,91,177],"Ultra-Wideband":[78],"(UWB)":[79],"position":[80],"measurements.":[81,110,181],"The":[82],"vectors":[84,90],"are":[85,113],"then":[86],"compared":[87],"foot-mounted":[93],"Inertial":[94],"Measurement":[95],"Unit":[96],"(IMU).":[97],"Using":[98],"independent":[100,185],"measurements,":[101],"UWB":[109,147,159,178],"Positioning":[111],"errors":[112],"mitigated":[114],"through":[115],"loosely":[116],"coupled":[117],"filtering":[118],"both":[120,201],"types.":[122],"We":[123],"evaluate":[124],"our":[125],"three":[128],"environments,":[129],"showing":[130],"it":[132],"improves":[133],"accuracy,":[135],"especially":[136],"challenging":[138],"conditions":[139],"with":[140],"obstructed":[141],"line":[142],"sight":[144],"sparse":[146],"infrastructure.":[148],"Additionally,":[149],"demonstrate":[151],"mitigation":[153],"simulated":[155],"spoofing":[156],"attacks":[157],"positioning.":[160],"Our":[161,182],"findings":[162],"indicate":[163],"quality":[166],"can":[167],"be":[168],"judged":[169],"by":[172],"comparing":[173],"strides":[175],"reconstructed":[176],"IMU":[180],"situation-":[187],"or":[188],"environment-specific":[189],"parameter":[190],"tuning,":[191],"represents":[195],"promising":[197],"approach":[198],"detecting":[200],"known":[202],"unknown":[204],"states.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}