{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376279942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104682","title":"Research on Cloud-Edge-End Collaborative Computing Offloading Strategy in the Internet of Vehicles Based on the M-TSA Algorithm","display_name":"Research on Cloud-Edge-End Collaborative Computing Offloading Strategy in the Internet of Vehicles Based on the M-TSA Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376279942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104682","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4682/pdf?version=1684914505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4682/pdf?version=1684914505","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035472988","display_name":"Qiliang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4407-0751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiliang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4407-0751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101861277","display_name":"Zhang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-5684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044705241","display_name":"Jianping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-0452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-0452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101861277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86373242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"4682","last_page":"4682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8513752222061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.832926869392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6465654373168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5870558619499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5080978870391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5034434199333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5008866786956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utility-computing","display_name":"Utility computing","score":0.4965835213661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4953276216983795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.49256211519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.483951598405838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4751555621623993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-delay","display_name":"Network delay","score":0.4700019955635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.46581223607063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.4368080794811249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4340098202228546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.13986551761627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13340872526168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08134979009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08017906546592712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8513752222061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.832926869392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6465654373168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5870558619499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5080978870391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5034434199333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5008866786956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85106507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188445","display_name":"Utility computing","level":4,"score":0.4965835213661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4953276216983795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.49256211519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.483951598405838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4751555621623993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152623178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q436417","display_name":"Network delay","level":3,"score":0.4700019955635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.46581223607063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4368080794811249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4340098202228546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.13986551761627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13340872526168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08134979009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08017906546592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4682/pdf?version=1684914505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37430596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10222550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10222550","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10222550/pdf/sensors-23-04682.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aeee089e7d774445ae1daa6e0c3f696a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aeee089e7d774445ae1daa6e0c3f696a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 10, p 4682 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/10/4682/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 10; Pages: 4682","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4682/pdf?version=1684914505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376279942.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080346852","https://openalex.org/W2482293012","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2924384958","https://openalex.org/W2943021608","https://openalex.org/W2944050366","https://openalex.org/W2954039338","https://openalex.org/W2964015972","https://openalex.org/W2968887246","https://openalex.org/W2974991939","https://openalex.org/W2998977186","https://openalex.org/W3007907254","https://openalex.org/W3013158795","https://openalex.org/W3016019776","https://openalex.org/W3032765781","https://openalex.org/W3032887362","https://openalex.org/W3036631744","https://openalex.org/W3037951940","https://openalex.org/W3081714622","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W3199742954","https://openalex.org/W3215063687","https://openalex.org/W4283755087","https://openalex.org/W4285796413","https://openalex.org/W4319005273","https://openalex.org/W6772514256","https://openalex.org/W6800908722","https://openalex.org/W6992933790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W4225987626","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W3185499500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,6,11,23,36,51,62,64,74,85,118,124,145,175,186],"Internet":[2,125],"of":[3,13,18,25,54,117,126,177,188],"Vehicles":[4,127],"scenario,":[5],"in-vehicle":[7,40],"terminal":[8,41],"cannot":[9],"meet":[10],"requirements":[12],"computing":[14,27,56,59,69,90,96,113,121],"tasks":[15,60],"in":[16,99],"terms":[17],"delay":[19,53,77,194],"and":[20,28,48,107,130,148,153,191,195],"energy":[21,196],"consumption;":[22],"introduction":[24],"cloud":[26,55,101],"MEC":[29,65],"is":[30,97,128,136,158],"an":[31],"effective":[32],"way":[33],"to":[34,50,57,61,173],"solve":[35,84],"above":[37,86],"problem.":[38],"The":[39],"requires":[42],"a":[43,88,131,139],"high":[44,52],"task":[45,75,108,151,166,189],"processing":[46,76],"delay,":[47],"due":[49],"upload":[58],"cloud,":[63],"server":[66],"has":[67],"limited":[68],"resources,":[70],"which":[71,100],"will":[72],"increase":[73],"when":[78],"there":[79],"are":[80,163],"more":[81],"tasks.":[82],"To":[83],"problems,":[87],"vehicle":[89,171],"network":[91],"based":[92,143],"on":[93,144],"cloud-edge-end":[94,119],"collaborative":[95,120],"proposed,":[98],"servers,":[102,104],"edge":[103],"service":[105],"vehicles,":[106],"vehicles":[109],"themselves":[110],"can":[111],"provide":[112],"services.":[114],"A":[115],"model":[116],"system":[122],"for":[123],"constructed,":[129],"computational":[132,140,154],"offloading":[133,141,155,182,190,193],"strategy":[134,142,183],"problem":[135],"given.":[137],"Then,":[138],"M-TSA":[146],"algorithm":[147],"combined":[149],"with":[150],"prioritization":[152],"node":[156],"prediction":[157],"proposed.":[159],"Finally,":[160],"comparative":[161],"experiments":[162],"conducted":[164],"under":[165],"instances":[167],"simulating":[168],"real":[169],"road":[170],"conditions":[172],"demonstrate":[174],"superiority":[176],"our":[178,181],"network,":[179],"where":[180],"significantly":[184],"improves":[185],"utility":[187],"reduces":[192],"consumption.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-27T09:02:27.158192","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}