{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382315136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104657","title":"Torque Measurement and Control for Electric-Assisted Bike Considering Different External Load Conditions","display_name":"Torque Measurement and Control for Electric-Assisted Bike Considering Different External Load Conditions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382315136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104657","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104657","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4657/pdf?version=1683794310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4657/pdf?version=1683794310","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039745501","display_name":"Ping-Jui Ho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Jui Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan","Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035345217","display_name":"Chen-Pei Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0629-403X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Pei Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan","Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058009362","display_name":"Yi-Jen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-8370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Jen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan","Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-8370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038574995","display_name":"Wei-Der Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Der Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan","Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043355897","display_name":"Po\u2010Huan Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Huan Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan","Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057499207","display_name":"Shih-Chin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-4994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Chin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan","Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057499207"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.0435,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73427001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"4657","last_page":"4657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.958899974822998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9304999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.8106120228767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.5615024566650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-motor","display_name":"Torque motor","score":0.5571768879890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5125610828399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.504016101360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stall-torque","display_name":"Stall torque","score":0.48479098081588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.47099703550338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4582080841064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-limiter","display_name":"Torque limiter","score":0.44248074293136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/damping-torque","display_name":"Damping torque","score":0.4354993999004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4224685728549957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3773761987686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3363218903541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.28651320934295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1582823097705841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09125185012817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.08081868290901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06039947271347046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.8106120228767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.5615024566650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204054776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2444432","display_name":"Torque motor","level":5,"score":0.5571768879890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5125610828399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.504016101360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17348537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7597300","display_name":"Stall torque","level":5,"score":0.48479098081588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.47099703550338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4582080841064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167649995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384099","display_name":"Torque limiter","level":3,"score":0.44248074293136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40226289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5212950","display_name":"Damping torque","level":5,"score":0.4354993999004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4224685728549957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3773761987686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3363218903541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28651320934295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1582823097705841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09125185012817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.08081868290901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06039947271347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104657","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4657/pdf?version=1683794310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37430571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37430571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10222949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10222949","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10222949/pdf/sensors-23-04657.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87050563d35c40e7b0c69e71fe5b9cde","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87050563d35c40e7b0c69e71fe5b9cde","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 10, p 4657 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/10/4657/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 10; Pages: 4657","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23104657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104657","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4657/pdf?version=1683794310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382315136.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545927159","https://openalex.org/W1547315291","https://openalex.org/W1973992892","https://openalex.org/W1986559573","https://openalex.org/W1999168499","https://openalex.org/W2024666374","https://openalex.org/W2040842505","https://openalex.org/W2041639347","https://openalex.org/W2111475702","https://openalex.org/W2116413353","https://openalex.org/W2121704105","https://openalex.org/W2128032274","https://openalex.org/W2156301667","https://openalex.org/W2169632892","https://openalex.org/W2277534516","https://openalex.org/W2341804321","https://openalex.org/W2547779976","https://openalex.org/W2742042724","https://openalex.org/W2765720303","https://openalex.org/W2784187446","https://openalex.org/W2883804451","https://openalex.org/W2957348539","https://openalex.org/W2991021852","https://openalex.org/W3007395053","https://openalex.org/W3020539791","https://openalex.org/W3035543296","https://openalex.org/W3045637306","https://openalex.org/W3095418484","https://openalex.org/W3097274384","https://openalex.org/W3102651006","https://openalex.org/W3104754739","https://openalex.org/W3123262272","https://openalex.org/W3157362160","https://openalex.org/W3175388029","https://openalex.org/W3179913189","https://openalex.org/W4206129472","https://openalex.org/W4206663585","https://openalex.org/W4211121917","https://openalex.org/W4224105837","https://openalex.org/W4292261125","https://openalex.org/W4294253411","https://openalex.org/W4296351248","https://openalex.org/W4307303091","https://openalex.org/W4311052212","https://openalex.org/W4323314808","https://openalex.org/W4362519631","https://openalex.org/W4366392962","https://openalex.org/W6632684176","https://openalex.org/W6682574387","https://openalex.org/W6695106028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158120472","https://openalex.org/W2351274206","https://openalex.org/W2348287894","https://openalex.org/W2379878679","https://openalex.org/W3113939018","https://openalex.org/W2114550905","https://openalex.org/W2366500548","https://openalex.org/W2360009339","https://openalex.org/W2164275535","https://openalex.org/W4225988789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,95],"novel":[4],"torque":[5,25,39,49,75,103,133,148,167],"measurement":[6],"and":[7,63],"control":[8,104,149],"technique":[9],"for":[10,80],"cycling-assisted":[11],"electric":[12],"bikes":[13],"(E-bikes)":[14],"considering":[15],"various":[16],"external":[17,53,71],"load":[18],"conditions.":[19,83],"For":[20],"assisted":[21,97],"E-bikes,":[22],"the":[23,27,37,42,46,56,64,73,110,123,130,164],"electromagnetic":[24],"from":[26],"permanent":[28],"magnet":[29],"(PM)":[30],"motor":[31,74,98,102],"can":[32,76],"be":[33,77],"controlled":[34,79],"to":[35,93,108,128,144,162],"reduce":[36],"pedaling":[38],"generated":[40],"by":[41,52],"human":[43],"rider.":[44],"However,":[45],"overall":[47],"cycling":[48],"is":[50,120,126,140,160],"affected":[51],"loads,":[54,72],"including":[55],"cyclist's":[57],"weight,":[58],"wind":[59],"resistance,":[60,62],"rolling":[61],"road":[65],"slope.":[66],"With":[67],"knowledge":[68],"of":[69],"these":[70,81,146],"adaptively":[78],"riding":[82,89],"In":[84,151],"this":[85,152],"paper,":[86,153],"key":[87],"E-bike":[88,137,156],"parameters":[90],"are":[91,106],"analyzed":[92],"find":[94],"suitable":[96],"torque.":[99],"Four":[100],"different":[101],"methods":[105],"proposed":[107,165],"improve":[109],"E-bike's":[111,131],"dynamic":[112],"response":[113],"with":[114,142],"minimal":[115],"variation":[116],"in":[117],"acceleration.":[118],"It":[119],"concluded":[121],"that":[122],"wheel":[124],"acceleration":[125],"important":[127],"determine":[129],"synergetic":[132],"performance.":[134],"A":[135],"comprehensive":[136],"simulation":[138],"environment":[139],"developed":[141],"MATLAB/Simulink":[143],"evaluate":[145],"adaptive":[147,166],"methods.":[150],"an":[154],"integrated":[155],"sensor":[157],"hardware":[158],"system":[159],"built":[161],"verify":[163],"control.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}