{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376631165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094572","title":"Automatic Branch\u2013Leaf Segmentation and Leaf Phenotypic Parameter Estimation of Pear Trees Based on Three-Dimensional Point Clouds","display_name":"Automatic Branch\u2013Leaf Segmentation and Leaf Phenotypic Parameter Estimation of Pear Trees Based on Three-Dimensional Point Clouds","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376631165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094572","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4572/pdf?version=1683556981","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4572/pdf?version=1683556981","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078399012","display_name":"Haitao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1621-4751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101291841","display_name":"Gengchen Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengchen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067291168","display_name":"Shutian Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5281-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shutian Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5281-8865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068205683","display_name":"Hao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-3257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061177006","display_name":"Kaijie Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-8932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijie Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049872572","display_name":"Shaoling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1835-1824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047578156","display_name":"Wei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-5464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-5464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034512737","display_name":"S. Ninomiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-4354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seishi Ninomiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-4354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101675654","display_name":"Yue Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-6393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-6393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034512737","https://openalex.org/A5101675654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":12.2909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98625132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"4572","last_page":"4572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pear","display_name":"PEAR","score":0.8306765556335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.788942277431488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6412220597267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4962959885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46771353483200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3837166428565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3733495771884918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.37276095151901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.3616073429584503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33028870820999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32214289903640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.11086452007293701}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775874295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568694","display_name":"PEAR","level":2,"score":0.8306765556335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.788942277431488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6412220597267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4962959885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46771353483200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3837166428565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3733495771884918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.37276095151901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3616073429584503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33028870820999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32214289903640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11086452007293701}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D031989","descriptor_name":"Pyrus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D031989","descriptor_name":"Pyrus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D031989","descriptor_name":"Pyrus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4572/pdf?version=1683556981","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37177776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10181666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10181666","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10181666/pdf/sensors-23-04572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:424d329a284b4bf8a3b5a5392dbaad1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/424d329a284b4bf8a3b5a5392dbaad1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 9, p 4572 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/9/4572/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 9; Pages: 4572","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4572/pdf?version=1683556981","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2624380330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX (21) 3016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2993732938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32001980","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4403806927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YYJC202201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4797436916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YYJC202201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325211","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5328600768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX (21) 3016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325211","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6374303009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX (21) 3016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309870","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8622344987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32001980","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325211","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8773137527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 32001980","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309870","display_name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/0335n2618"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325211","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376631165.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W862736949","https://openalex.org/W1910748739","https://openalex.org/W1967688818","https://openalex.org/W1968896562","https://openalex.org/W1994410331","https://openalex.org/W1998686312","https://openalex.org/W1999250663","https://openalex.org/W2022686119","https://openalex.org/W2036738223","https://openalex.org/W2123703543","https://openalex.org/W2127243393","https://openalex.org/W2160515968","https://openalex.org/W2164500538","https://openalex.org/W2198334007","https://openalex.org/W2220061396","https://openalex.org/W2313223220","https://openalex.org/W2399613161","https://openalex.org/W2426271458","https://openalex.org/W2617010780","https://openalex.org/W2619123180","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2789858607","https://openalex.org/W2797338994","https://openalex.org/W2805916667","https://openalex.org/W2808888503","https://openalex.org/W2891682150","https://openalex.org/W2915801748","https://openalex.org/W2919909397","https://openalex.org/W2940055626","https://openalex.org/W2950642167","https://openalex.org/W2962676885","https://openalex.org/W2972338841","https://openalex.org/W2994639114","https://openalex.org/W3113125552","https://openalex.org/W3169294401","https://openalex.org/W4206268807","https://openalex.org/W4206706117","https://openalex.org/W4281382677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368207219","https://openalex.org/W2389767552","https://openalex.org/W2377508083","https://openalex.org/W2351035948","https://openalex.org/W2376985653","https://openalex.org/W2941417718","https://openalex.org/W2354521947","https://openalex.org/W4292091388","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,146,223],"leaf":[1,47,83,122,140,169,180,197,201,211,259,280],"phenotypic":[2,48,341],"traits":[3],"of":[4,13,28,46,56,82,163,186,246,250,286,299,343],"plants":[5],"have":[6],"a":[7,97,101,178,187,233,290],"significant":[8],"impact":[9],"on":[10,73,142,194,229],"the":[11,25,35,54,79,168,173,195,200,210,261,275,278,333,340],"efficiency":[12],"canopy":[14,58,92,356],"photosynthesis.":[15],"However,":[16],"traditional":[17],"methods":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20,93,130,138,155,176],"destructive":[21],"sampling":[22],"will":[23],"hinder":[24],"continuous":[26],"monitoring":[27,351],"plant":[29],"growth,":[30,354],"while":[31,209],"manual":[32,294],"measurements":[33,45],"in":[34,172],"field":[36],"are":[37],"both":[38],"time-consuming":[39],"and":[40,43,60,77,88,121,124,165,214,221,240,248,254,264,271,284,320,337,358],"laborious.":[41],"Nondestructive":[42],"accurate":[44],"parameters":[49,342],"can":[50,335],"be":[51],"achieved":[52],"through":[53],"use":[55],"3D":[57],"models":[59],"object":[61],"segmentation":[62,70,162,225],"techniques.":[63],"This":[64,346],"paper":[65],"proposed":[66,276],"an":[67,94],"automatic":[68,80],"branch\u2013leaf":[69],"pipeline":[71],"based":[72,193],"lidar":[74,102],"point":[75,103,153,170,198],"cloud":[76,104],"conducted":[78],"measurement":[81],"inclination":[84,202],"angle,":[85],"length,":[86,212,282],"width,":[87,213,283],"area,":[89],"using":[90,100,107],"pear":[91,112,287,344,352],"example.":[95],"Firstly,":[96],"three-dimensional":[98],"model":[99,148,226],"was":[105,149,182,204,227],"established":[106],"SCENE":[108],"software.":[109],"Next,":[110],"305":[111],"tree":[113,353],"branches":[114,164,247],"were":[115,128,135,216,268],"manually":[116],"divided":[117],"into":[118],"branch":[119,126],"points":[120,134],"points,":[123],"45":[125,230],"samples":[127],"selected":[129],"test":[131,144,174],"data.":[132,145],"Leaf":[133],"further":[136],"marked":[137],"572":[139],"instances":[141],"these":[143],"PointNet++":[147],"used,":[150],"with":[151,232,293,296],"260":[152],"clouds":[154,171],"training":[156],"input":[157],"to":[158],"carry":[159],"out":[160],"semantic":[161,224],"leaves.":[166,345],"Using":[167,274],"dataset":[175],"input,":[177],"single":[179,196,258],"instance":[181],"extracted":[183],"by":[184,206,218],"means":[185],"mean":[188,234,236,238,241,265,302,308,315,323],"shift":[189],"clustering":[190],"algorithm.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"cloud,":[199],"angle":[203],"calculated":[205,217],"plane":[207],"fitting,":[208],"area":[215,285],"midrib":[219],"fitting":[220],"triangulation.":[222],"tested":[228],"branches,":[231],"Precisionsem,":[235],"Recallsem,":[237],"F1-score,":[239],"Intersection":[242],"over":[243],"Union":[244],"(IoU)":[245],"leaves":[249,288],"0.93,":[251,253],"0.94,":[252],"0.88,":[255],"respectively.":[256,273,328],"For":[257],"extraction,":[260],"Precisionins,":[262],"Recallins,":[263],"coverage":[266],"(mCoV)":[267],"0.89,":[269],"0.92,":[270],"0.87,":[272],"method,":[277],"estimated":[279],"inclination,":[281],"showed":[289],"high":[291],"correlation":[292,297],"measurements,":[295],"coefficients":[298],"0.94":[300,306],"(root":[301,307,314,322],"squared":[303,309,316,324],"error:":[304,310,317,325],"4.44\u00b0),":[305],"0.43":[311],"cm),":[312,319],"0.91":[313],"0.39":[318],"0.93":[321],"5.21":[326],"cm2),":[327],"These":[329],"results":[330],"demonstrate":[331],"that":[332],"method":[334],"automatically":[336],"accurately":[338],"measure":[339],"has":[347],"great":[348],"significance":[349],"for":[350],"simulating":[355],"photosynthesis,":[357],"optimizing":[359],"orchard":[360],"management.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
