{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367599007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094424","title":"Low-Cost Water Quality Sensors for IoT: A Systematic Review","display_name":"Low-Cost Water Quality Sensors for IoT: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367599007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094424","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094424","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4424/pdf?version=1682854798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4424/pdf?version=1682854798","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083559827","display_name":"Edson Tavares de Camargo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193876067","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05ne20t07","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edson Tavares de Camargo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","Graduate Program in Computer Science, Western Paran\u00e1 State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel 85819-110, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-9142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Computer Science, Western Paran\u00e1 State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel 85819-110, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020071482","display_name":"F\u00e1bio Alexandre Spanhol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9603-8067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193876067","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05ne20t07","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Alexandre Spanhol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","Graduate Program in Computer Science, Western Paran\u00e1 State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel 85819-110, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9603-8067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Computer Science, Western Paran\u00e1 State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel 85819-110, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029223080","display_name":"Juliano Scholz Slongo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5188-9696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliano Scholz Slongo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5188-9696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069490171","display_name":"Marcos Vinicius Rocha da Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Vinicius Rocha da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-4358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043240932","display_name":"Jaqueline Pazinato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5507-5219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaqueline Pazinato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089587405","display_name":"Adriana Vechai de Lima Lobo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriana Vechai de Lima Lobo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil","Sanitation Company of Paran\u00e1 (SANEPAR), Curitiba 80215-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sanitation Company of Paran\u00e1 (SANEPAR), Curitiba 80215-900, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070328533","display_name":"F\u00e1bio Rizental Coutinho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-989X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F\u00e1bio Rizental Coutinho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-989X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029803533","display_name":"Felipe Walter Dafico Pfrimer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-1585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Walter Dafico Pfrimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-1585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Toledo 85902-490, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046379981","display_name":"Cl\u00e9ber Ant\u00f4nio Lindino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-0764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193876067","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05ne20t07","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cleber Antonio Lindino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Paran\u00e1 State University (UNIOESTE), Toledo 85903-000, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-0764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Paran\u00e1 State University (UNIOESTE), Toledo 85903-000, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058779873","display_name":"M\u00e1rcio Seiji Oyamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-8917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193876067","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05ne20t07","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcio Seiji Oyamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Computer Science, Western Paran\u00e1 State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel 85819-110, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-8917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Computer Science, Western Paran\u00e1 State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel 85819-110, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003578367","display_name":"Leila Droprinchinski Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-6534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leila Droprinchinski Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Londrina 86036-370, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-6534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology\u2014Parana (UTFPR), Londrina 86036-370, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083559827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182","https://openalex.org/I193876067"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.7132,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"4424","last_page":"4424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.694293737411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.589335560798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5860469937324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5207421779632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47919926047325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.47673118114471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.44390809535980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.43452128767967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"Water quality","score":0.415167897939682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3980289101600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3313455581665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3020562529563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27610287070274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17761632800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.10159379243850708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.694293737411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.589335560798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5860469937324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5207421779632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47919926047325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.47673118114471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44390809535980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.43452128767967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.415167897939682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3980289101600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3313455581665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3020562529563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27610287070274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17761632800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.10159379243850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094424","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4424/pdf?version=1682854798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37177633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10181703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10181703","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10181703/pdf/sensors-23-04424.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:845e99945b804b3487c52f0c23976081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/845e99945b804b3487c52f0c23976081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 9, p 4424 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/9/4424/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 9; Pages: 4424","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094424","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4424/pdf?version=1682854798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4055763080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020/05135-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322772","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5564764055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020/05135-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G645624419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322772","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7921016405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322772","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria","ror":"https://ror.org/02r7nkw81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367599007.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970004043","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2755710537","https://openalex.org/W2784792583","https://openalex.org/W2924206081","https://openalex.org/W2941265976","https://openalex.org/W2944245541","https://openalex.org/W2944469311","https://openalex.org/W2971318464","https://openalex.org/W2971556113","https://openalex.org/W2972063056","https://openalex.org/W2972632198","https://openalex.org/W2974842034","https://openalex.org/W2981412852","https://openalex.org/W2994921849","https://openalex.org/W2997242810","https://openalex.org/W3008708539","https://openalex.org/W3010109478","https://openalex.org/W3011088055","https://openalex.org/W3011170538","https://openalex.org/W3012348200","https://openalex.org/W3015663063","https://openalex.org/W3015823332","https://openalex.org/W3016080163","https://openalex.org/W3019889640","https://openalex.org/W3028492497","https://openalex.org/W3030475315","https://openalex.org/W3031010778","https://openalex.org/W3031436417","https://openalex.org/W3036815961","https://openalex.org/W3038284474","https://openalex.org/W3074182698","https://openalex.org/W3088876922","https://openalex.org/W3092154981","https://openalex.org/W3092905488","https://openalex.org/W3094275111","https://openalex.org/W3095867371","https://openalex.org/W3119152181","https://openalex.org/W3134917470","https://openalex.org/W3136423798","https://openalex.org/W3142526242","https://openalex.org/W3154737979","https://openalex.org/W3158538913","https://openalex.org/W3160095700","https://openalex.org/W3177731925","https://openalex.org/W3183565979","https://openalex.org/W3186884890","https://openalex.org/W3193722382","https://openalex.org/W3194345889","https://openalex.org/W3196539257","https://openalex.org/W3198337972","https://openalex.org/W3198357165","https://openalex.org/W3203696367","https://openalex.org/W3203808175","https://openalex.org/W3211964577","https://openalex.org/W3213696702","https://openalex.org/W4200189231","https://openalex.org/W4200298840","https://openalex.org/W4205446065","https://openalex.org/W4206815340","https://openalex.org/W4210399379","https://openalex.org/W4210721794","https://openalex.org/W4212781379","https://openalex.org/W4221003558","https://openalex.org/W4224321528","https://openalex.org/W4224839097","https://openalex.org/W4224998642","https://openalex.org/W4226050301","https://openalex.org/W4235570165","https://openalex.org/W4282823595","https://openalex.org/W4285005276","https://openalex.org/W4285089611","https://openalex.org/W4285105172","https://openalex.org/W4285119022","https://openalex.org/W4285168037","https://openalex.org/W4285503551","https://openalex.org/W4286247873","https://openalex.org/W4286493347","https://openalex.org/W4292972088","https://openalex.org/W4293093867","https://openalex.org/W4296340672","https://openalex.org/W4297786944","https://openalex.org/W4297808601","https://openalex.org/W4306404406","https://openalex.org/W4308871763","https://openalex.org/W4309378933","https://openalex.org/W4311214731","https://openalex.org/W4311413080","https://openalex.org/W4311415343","https://openalex.org/W4312649165","https://openalex.org/W4313428112","https://openalex.org/W4315750557","https://openalex.org/W4316468894","https://openalex.org/W4316659680","https://openalex.org/W4320063776","https://openalex.org/W6806137927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660","https://openalex.org/W4238100021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"many":[1,88,148],"countries,":[2],"water":[3,39,64,85,112,157],"quality":[4,40,65,86,113,158],"monitoring":[5,35],"is":[6,54,77,170],"limited":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,42,56,102,139,145,164,172,182],"the":[10,27,43,47,125,129,174],"high":[11],"cost":[12,143],"of":[13,29,50,81,178],"logistics":[14],"and":[15,69,176],"professional":[16,183],"equipment":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"multiparametric":[20],"probes.":[21],"However,":[22],"low-cost":[23,84,105,152,162,179],"sensors":[24,59,106,126,133,153,163,180],"integrated":[25],"with":[26],"Internet":[28],"Things":[30],"can":[31,60,142],"enable":[32],"real-time":[33],"environmental":[34],"networks,":[36],"providing":[37],"valuable":[38],"information":[41],"public.":[44],"To":[45,92],"facilitate":[46],"widespread":[48],"adoption":[49],"these":[51],"sensors,":[52,87],"it":[53],"crucial":[55],"identify":[57],"which":[58,104],"accurately":[61],"measure":[62],"key":[63],"parameters,":[66],"their":[67,70],"manufacturers,":[68],"reliability":[71,175],"in":[72,128,135],"different":[73],"environments.":[74],"Although":[75],"there":[76,119],"an":[78],"increasing":[79],"body":[80],"work":[82],"utilizing":[83],"questions":[89],"remain":[90],"unanswered.":[91],"address":[93],"this":[94],"issue,":[95],"a":[96],"systematic":[97],"literature":[98],"review":[99],"was":[100],"conducted":[101],"determine":[103,173],"are":[107,120,154],"being":[108],"used":[109,127],"for":[110,124,156],"remote":[111],"monitoring.":[114],"The":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that":[118,151],"three":[121],"primary":[122],"vendors":[123],"selected":[130],"papers.":[131],"Most":[132],"range":[134],"price":[136],"from":[137],"US$6.9":[138],"US$169.00":[140],"but":[141],"up":[144],"US$500.00.":[146],"While":[147],"papers":[149],"suggest":[150],"suitable":[155],"monitoring,":[159],"few":[160],"compare":[161],"reference":[165],"devices.":[166,184],"Therefore,":[167],"further":[168],"research":[169],"necessary":[171],"accuracy":[177],"compared":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
