{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367627328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094407","title":"A Hybrid Trust Model against Insider Packet Drop Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"A Hybrid Trust Model against Insider Packet Drop Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367627328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094407","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4407/pdf?version=1683270876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4407/pdf?version=1683270876","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693257","display_name":"Youngho Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146496621","display_name":"Korea National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1bc854","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146496621"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youngho Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Defense Science (Computer Engineering and Cyberwarfare Major), Graduate School of Defense Management, Korea National Defense University, Nonsan 33021, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense Science (Computer Engineering and Cyberwarfare Major), Graduate School of Defense Management, Korea National Defense University, Nonsan 33021, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146496621"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012474783","display_name":"Gang Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-8949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute of Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute of Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100693257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146496621"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5367,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83290016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"4407","last_page":"4407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7412866353988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7279453873634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6625131368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-drop-attack","display_name":"Packet drop attack","score":0.6097833514213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drop","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","score":0.5735002160072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5220082402229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4932250380516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-delay","display_name":"End-to-end delay","score":0.4784248471260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-analyzer","display_name":"Packet analyzer","score":0.4390576481819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insider","display_name":"Insider","score":0.42352741956710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.12276056408882141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07523730397224426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7412866353988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7279453873634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6625131368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35546906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2900718","display_name":"Packet drop attack","level":5,"score":0.6097833514213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.5735002160072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5220082402229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4932250380516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37624559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375776","display_name":"End-to-end delay","level":3,"score":0.4784248471260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95362637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54366","display_name":"Packet analyzer","level":3,"score":0.4390576481819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778971194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664551","display_name":"Insider","level":2,"score":0.42352741956710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.12276056408882141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07523730397224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4407/pdf?version=1683270876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37177609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10181746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10181746","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10181746/pdf/sensors-23-04407.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:103468cefc4f4351a9ab88e7216ec0eb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/103468cefc4f4351a9ab88e7216ec0eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 9, p 4407 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/9/4407/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 9; Pages: 4407","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4407/pdf?version=1683270876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367627328.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965644348","https://openalex.org/W2032642638","https://openalex.org/W2048733507","https://openalex.org/W2050067204","https://openalex.org/W2062757535","https://openalex.org/W2094638360","https://openalex.org/W2096371059","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2112235623","https://openalex.org/W2117427846","https://openalex.org/W2117466051","https://openalex.org/W2118982908","https://openalex.org/W2122516858","https://openalex.org/W2126335140","https://openalex.org/W2127699957","https://openalex.org/W2128381560","https://openalex.org/W2134164724","https://openalex.org/W2136032111","https://openalex.org/W2139842951","https://openalex.org/W2149229264","https://openalex.org/W2161236823","https://openalex.org/W2162674104","https://openalex.org/W2325357419","https://openalex.org/W2325437408","https://openalex.org/W2592360034","https://openalex.org/W2599833941","https://openalex.org/W2776722900","https://openalex.org/W2793591899","https://openalex.org/W2969959612","https://openalex.org/W2982889930","https://openalex.org/W3092262819","https://openalex.org/W3133315347","https://openalex.org/W4309969722","https://openalex.org/W4321509091","https://openalex.org/W6701068979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560551940","https://openalex.org/W2008110221","https://openalex.org/W2614862758","https://openalex.org/W2292181727","https://openalex.org/W2383177801","https://openalex.org/W1601094230","https://openalex.org/W2887189805","https://openalex.org/W2791363903","https://openalex.org/W2368891221","https://openalex.org/W2185739590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quick":[0],"and":[1,54,110,178,202],"accurate":[2],"detection":[3,91,176],"of":[4,10,83,92,146,166,175,189],"inside":[5,93,167],"packet":[6,48,65,72,85,94,168,197],"drop":[7,66,95,169],"attackers":[8],"is":[9,182],"critical":[11],"importance":[12],"to":[13,87,116,142],"reduce":[14],"the":[15,21,81,90,119,144],"damage":[16],"they":[17,44],"can":[18],"have":[19,25],"on":[20,107],"network.":[22],"Trust":[23],"mechanisms":[24],"been":[26],"widely":[27],"used":[28],"in":[29,173,187],"wireless":[30],"sensor":[31],"networks":[32],"for":[33,163],"this":[34,98],"purpose.":[35],"However,":[36],"existing":[37,124,160],"trust":[38,104,114,121,125,157,161],"models":[39,162],"are":[40],"not":[41,171],"effective":[42],"because":[43],"cannot":[45],"distinguish":[46],"between":[47],"drops":[49,73,86,109],"caused":[50,56],"by":[51,57],"an":[52],"attack":[53],"those":[55],"normal":[58],"network":[59,76,192],"failure.":[60],"We":[61,127],"observe":[62],"that":[63,154],"insider":[64],"attacks":[67],"will":[68],"cause":[69],"more":[70],"consecutive":[71,84,108],"than":[74],"a":[75,102,112,137],"abnormality.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"we":[79,100],"propose":[80],"use":[82],"speed":[88,177],"up":[89],"attackers.":[96],"In":[97],"article,":[99],"describe":[101],"new":[103,120,148],"model":[105,122,158],"based":[106],"develop":[111],"hybrid":[113,156],"mechanism":[115],"seamlessly":[117],"integrate":[118],"with":[123],"models.":[126],"perform":[128],"extensive":[129],"OPNET":[130],"(Optimized":[131],"Network":[132],"Engineering":[133],"Tool)":[134],"simulations":[135],"using":[136],"geographic":[138],"greedy":[139],"routing":[140,200],"protocol":[141],"validate":[143],"effectiveness":[145],"our":[147,155],"model.":[149],"The":[150],"simulation":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"outperforms":[159],"all":[164],"types":[165],"attacks,":[170],"only":[172],"terms":[174,188],"accuracy":[179],"as":[180,196],"it":[181],"designed":[183],"for,":[184],"but":[185],"also":[186],"other":[190],"important":[191],"performance":[193],"metrics,":[194],"such":[195],"delivery":[198],"rate,":[199],"reliability,":[201],"energy":[203],"efficiency.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
