{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367311331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094375","title":"Colocated MIMO Radar Waveform-Array Joint Optimization for Sparse Array","display_name":"Colocated MIMO Radar Waveform-Array Joint Optimization for Sparse Array","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367311331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094375","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4375/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4375/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036442392","display_name":"Jinrong Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinrong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Institute of Electronic Technology, Najing 210039, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Institute of Electronic Technology, Najing 210039, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005203645","display_name":"Rui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9262-3453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033485538","display_name":"Mingcong Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingcong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765485","display_name":"Shenghua Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-6633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shenghua Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100765485"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.9128,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92081856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"4375","last_page":"4375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6762055158615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6678776741027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6107001900672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.571249783039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5693333745002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.4849576950073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4620581865310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-gain","display_name":"Array gain","score":0.4561059772968292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4542146921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3973004221916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.34601518511772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34341636300086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2892454266548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.28031885623931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2578716278076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2003556191921234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.09480723738670349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6762055158615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6678776741027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6107001900672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.571249783039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5693333745002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4849576950073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4620581865310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.4561059772968292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4542146921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3973004221916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.34601518511772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34341636300086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2892454266548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.28031885623931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2578716278076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2003556191921234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.09480723738670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4375/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37177586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10181694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10181694","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10181694/pdf/sensors-23-04375.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e185ba2dbe048239ec70778ebb2bf19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e185ba2dbe048239ec70778ebb2bf19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 9, p 4375 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/9/4375/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 9; Pages: 4375","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4375/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367311331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367311331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493283442","https://openalex.org/W1981526028","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2030250859","https://openalex.org/W2041463139","https://openalex.org/W2043923073","https://openalex.org/W2063146925","https://openalex.org/W2083506609","https://openalex.org/W2109235813","https://openalex.org/W2122110311","https://openalex.org/W2130632339","https://openalex.org/W2135915867","https://openalex.org/W2136489881","https://openalex.org/W2143071221","https://openalex.org/W2148744371","https://openalex.org/W2155951048","https://openalex.org/W2156576615","https://openalex.org/W2545058727","https://openalex.org/W2547816864","https://openalex.org/W2571584329","https://openalex.org/W2904859343","https://openalex.org/W2996127118","https://openalex.org/W4362653980","https://openalex.org/W6636488169","https://openalex.org/W6771610182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989454727","https://openalex.org/W2724724053","https://openalex.org/W2049759108","https://openalex.org/W2919203996","https://openalex.org/W4383333693","https://openalex.org/W4312994998","https://openalex.org/W2903826065","https://openalex.org/W2358459436","https://openalex.org/W3013215993","https://openalex.org/W2132841313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Colocated":[0],"multiple-input":[1],"multiple-output":[2],"(MIMO)":[3],"radar":[4,145],"can":[5,42],"transmit":[6,15,77,149],"a":[7,147,154,160,178],"group":[8],"of":[9,48,50,89,100,138,171],"distinct":[10],"waveforms":[11],"via":[12],"its":[13],"colocated":[14,143],"antennas":[16],"and":[17,39,60,68,82,93,153],"the":[18,36,57,76,79,83,87,98,117,126,166],"waveform":[19,59,67],"diversity":[20],"leads":[21],"to":[22,27,74],"several":[23],"advantages":[24],"in":[25],"contrast":[26],"conventional":[28],"phased-array":[29],"radar.":[30],"The":[31,120],"performance":[32,152],"depends":[33],"highly":[34],"on":[35,103],"degrees":[37,49,137,170],"available,":[38],"element":[40,61,91],"spacing":[41,62,92,175],"be":[43],"deemed":[44],"as":[45],"another":[46],"source":[47],"freedom.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"study":[56],"joint":[58,66],"optimization":[63,70,118,121,176],"problem.":[64],"A":[65],"array":[69,95,141,174],"criterion":[71],"is":[72,113,123],"proposed":[73],"match":[75],"beampattern,":[78],"suppression":[80],"range,":[81],"angular":[84],"sidelobes,":[85],"under":[86],"constraints":[88],"minimal":[90],"total":[94],"aperture.":[96],"Meanwhile,":[97],"effect":[99],"receive":[101],"beamforming":[102],"suppressing":[104],"mutual":[105],"correlation":[106],"between":[107],"returns":[108],"from":[109,140,168,173],"different":[110],"spatial":[111],"directions":[112],"also":[114],"incorporated":[115],"into":[116],"criterion.":[119],"problem":[122],"solved":[124],"by":[125],"sequential":[127],"quadratic":[128],"programming":[129],"algorithm.":[130],"Numerical":[131],"results":[132],"indicate":[133],"that":[134],"with":[135,159],"more":[136],"freedom":[139,172],"spacings,":[142],"MIMO":[144],"achieves":[146],"better":[148],"beampattern":[150],"matching":[151],"lower":[155],"sidelobe":[156],"level,":[157],"compared":[158],"fixed":[161],"half-wavelength":[162],"spaced":[163],"array,":[164],"but":[165],"benefits":[167],"additional":[169],"have":[177],"limit.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}