{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366829939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094211","title":"Design, Fabrication, and Optimization of a Printed Ag Nanoparticle-Based Flexible Capacitive Sensor for Automotive IVI Bezel Display Applications","display_name":"Design, Fabrication, and Optimization of a Printed Ag Nanoparticle-Based Flexible Capacitive Sensor for Automotive IVI Bezel Display Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366829939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094211","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094211","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4211/pdf?version=1682333126","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4211/pdf?version=1682333126","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Srinivasan Palanisamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-2631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasan Palanisamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-2631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045971696","display_name":"T. Muthuramalingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-545X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muthuramalingam Thangaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-545X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067543226","display_name":"Khaja Moiduddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khaja Moiduddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003676590","display_name":"Hisham Alkhalefah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-2534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hisham Alkhalefah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-2534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077793038","display_name":"Panagiotis Karmiris-Obrata\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-0764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Karmiris-Obrata\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Manufacturing Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-0764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Manufacturing Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039402094","display_name":"Cheng Siong Chin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094553","display_name":"Newcastle University Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/00mbfhq81","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094553"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Siong Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Singapore 599493, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-0675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Singapore 599493, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045971696","https://openalex.org/A5067543226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6374,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63226299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"4211","last_page":"4211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11523","display_name":"Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.8404831886291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taguchi-methods","display_name":"Taguchi methods","score":0.6837245225906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.6634951829910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5734780430793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.5432307720184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.5416988730430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3975502848625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38760748505592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36139559745788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2693086862564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23984229564666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.07687315344810486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.8404831886291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.6837245225906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.6634951829910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5734780430793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.5432307720184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.5416988730430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3975502848625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38760748505592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36139559745788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2693086862564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23984229564666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.07687315344810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094211","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4211/pdf?version=1682333126","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37177415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37177415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10181307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10181307","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10181307/pdf/sensors-23-04211.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:29deb58a064242d8a12e8a61dcea92f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/29deb58a064242d8a12e8a61dcea92f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 9, p 4211 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ncl.ac.uk:291523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/9/4211/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 9; Pages: 4211","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23094211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094211","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4211/pdf?version=1682333126","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366829939.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965035740","https://openalex.org/W2044479329","https://openalex.org/W2049431206","https://openalex.org/W2054203260","https://openalex.org/W2054939901","https://openalex.org/W2084553975","https://openalex.org/W2156173416","https://openalex.org/W2168674993","https://openalex.org/W2332313880","https://openalex.org/W2375052763","https://openalex.org/W2753662158","https://openalex.org/W2768080131","https://openalex.org/W2770322049","https://openalex.org/W2804469891","https://openalex.org/W2966773802","https://openalex.org/W3027666527","https://openalex.org/W3041257714","https://openalex.org/W3045570678","https://openalex.org/W3137798309","https://openalex.org/W3154350819","https://openalex.org/W3160819075","https://openalex.org/W3183531410","https://openalex.org/W3216853686","https://openalex.org/W4220991814","https://openalex.org/W4232751429","https://openalex.org/W4312743200","https://openalex.org/W4317797568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811130265","https://openalex.org/W2111642393","https://openalex.org/W2808123004","https://openalex.org/W2042017821","https://openalex.org/W2154140536","https://openalex.org/W2240387159","https://openalex.org/W2334810332","https://openalex.org/W4379525152","https://openalex.org/W4366695662","https://openalex.org/W2995283382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"printed":[1,101],"capacitive":[2],"sensors":[3,22,50,102],"provide":[4,104],"better":[5,78,105],"sensing":[6,106],"performance,":[7],"they":[8],"can":[9,103,131],"be":[10],"used":[11],"in":[12,91,136],"automotive":[13],"bezel":[14],"applications.":[15,70],"It":[16],"is":[17],"necessary":[18],"to":[19,42,60,76,153],"fabricate":[20],"such":[21],"and":[23,51,81,95,125,138],"apply":[24],"an":[25,38,113,118,126],"optimization":[26,58,72,155],"approach":[27,59],"for":[28,66],"choosing":[29],"the":[30,35,53,62,83,86],"optimal":[31],"sensor":[32,150],"pattern.":[33],"In":[34],"present":[36],"work,":[37],"effort":[39],"was":[40,74],"made":[41],"formulate":[43],"interdigitated":[44],"pattern-printed":[45],"Silver":[46],"(Ag)":[47],"electrode":[48,119,127],"flexible":[49,63,100],"adopt":[52],"Taguchi":[54],"Grey":[55],"Relational":[56],"(TGR)-based":[57],"enhance":[61],"sensor's":[64,87],"panel":[65],"enhanced":[67],"automobile":[68],"infotainment":[69],"The":[71,98,143],"technique":[73],"performed":[75],"derive":[77],"design":[79,109],"considerations":[80],"analyze":[82],"influence":[84,148],"of":[85,115,122,156],"parameters":[88],"on":[89,149],"change":[90,135],"capacitance":[92,137],"when":[93],"touched":[94],"production":[96],"cost.":[97],"fabricated":[99],"properties.":[107],"A":[108],"pattern":[110],"which":[111],"integrates":[112],"overlap":[114,144],"15":[116],"mm,":[117,124],"line":[120],"width":[121],"0.8":[123,129],"gap":[128],"mm":[130],"produce":[132],"a":[133,140,146],"higher":[134],"achieve":[139],"lower":[141],"weight.":[142],"has":[145],"greater":[147],"performance":[151],"owing":[152],"its":[154],"spatial":[157],"interpolation.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}