{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366591054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084108","title":"Error Analysis of Heterodyne Interferometry Based on One Single-Mode Polarization-Maintaining Fiber","display_name":"Error Analysis of Heterodyne Interferometry Based on One Single-Mode Polarization-Maintaining Fiber","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366591054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084108","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23084108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084108","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/4108/pdf?version=1681909269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/4108/pdf?version=1681909269","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088702723","display_name":"Yibin Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1192-1345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibin Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084520065","display_name":"Jiakun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3895-290X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiakun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3895-290X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074188150","display_name":"Qibo Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2854-044X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qibo Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2854-044X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083357304","display_name":"Qixin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-3042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046397870","display_name":"Fei Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-8407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084520065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4914,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57931676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"4108","last_page":"4108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.7232552766799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6375496983528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5652992129325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterodyne-detection","display_name":"Heterodyne detection","score":0.4893743395805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.48261985182762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.42639249563217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.38523441553115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2773277163505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17979168891906738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7232552766799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6375496983528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5652992129325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204003914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760140","display_name":"Heterodyne detection","level":3,"score":0.4893743395805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.48261985182762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42639249563217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.38523441553115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2773277163505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17979168891906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23084108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084108","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/4108/pdf?version=1681909269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37112448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10143974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10143974","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10143974/pdf/sensors-23-04108.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4dc257fa3afa4c8ea22488211cab07b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4dc257fa3afa4c8ea22488211cab07b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 8, p 4108 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/8/4108/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23084108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 8; Pages: 4108","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23084108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084108","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/4108/pdf?version=1681909269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366591054.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828680797","https://openalex.org/W1967486736","https://openalex.org/W1977004163","https://openalex.org/W1998073211","https://openalex.org/W2013928079","https://openalex.org/W2021750527","https://openalex.org/W2035229699","https://openalex.org/W2038420935","https://openalex.org/W2041321745","https://openalex.org/W2045986658","https://openalex.org/W2053932597","https://openalex.org/W2057911073","https://openalex.org/W2072588726","https://openalex.org/W2080426727","https://openalex.org/W2092315964","https://openalex.org/W2110430660","https://openalex.org/W2121276634","https://openalex.org/W2372817122","https://openalex.org/W2384447061","https://openalex.org/W2549544358","https://openalex.org/W2783377146","https://openalex.org/W2989889990","https://openalex.org/W3014147409","https://openalex.org/W3107808271","https://openalex.org/W3198908413","https://openalex.org/W6660677960","https://openalex.org/W7053167791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988809445","https://openalex.org/W2112026144","https://openalex.org/W2045753504","https://openalex.org/W2016541458","https://openalex.org/W4248877799","https://openalex.org/W2180015210","https://openalex.org/W2128409859","https://openalex.org/W2102036934","https://openalex.org/W2964143327","https://openalex.org/W4293327199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0,25],"polarization-maintaining":[1],"fiber":[2],"(PMF)":[3],"in":[4,79],"dual-frequency":[5,35,50,90],"heterodyne":[6,126,233],"interferometry":[7,127,234],"has":[8,62],"the":[9,13,32,47,63,84,89,92,97,100,105,109,114,125,134,146,151,156,159,162,168,171,175,178,181,184,190,195,214,230],"advantages":[10,64],"of":[11,34,49,65,88,96,102,108,137,155,170,174,180,194,232],"reducing":[12,241],"laser's":[14],"own":[15],"drift,":[16],"obtaining":[17],"high-quality":[18],"light":[19],"spots,":[20],"and":[21,68,86,99,143,177,208,224,239],"improving":[22,229],"thermal":[23],"stability.":[24],"only":[26,43],"one":[27,129],"single-mode":[28,130],"PMF":[29,176,196,238],"to":[30,45,117,132,183,198,203,212],"achieve":[31,204],"transmission":[33,48],"orthogonal,":[36,51],"linearly":[37,52],"polarized":[38,53],"beam":[39,107],"requires":[40],"angular":[41,93,152,191],"alignment":[42,172],"once":[44],"realize":[46,133],"light,":[54],"avoiding":[55],"coupling":[56],"inconsistency":[57],"errors,":[58],"so":[59],"that":[60,145],"it":[61],"high":[66],"efficiency":[67],"low":[69],"cost.":[70],"However,":[71],"there":[72],"are":[73],"still":[74],"many":[75],"nonlinear":[76,139],"influencing":[77,141],"factors":[78],"this":[80],"method,":[81],"such":[82],"as":[83],"ellipticity":[85],"non-orthogonality":[87],"laser,":[91],"misalignment":[94,153,192],"error":[95,121,140,148,154,193],"PMF,":[98,131],"influence":[101,215],"temperature":[103],"on":[104,237],"output":[106],"PMF.":[110,157],"This":[111],"paper":[112],"uses":[113],"Jones":[115],"matrix":[116],"innovatively":[118],"construct":[119],"an":[120,225],"analysis":[122,136],"model":[123],"for":[124,167,228],"using":[128],"quantitative":[135],"various":[138],"factors,":[142],"clarify":[144],"main":[147],"source":[149],"is":[150],"For":[158],"first":[160],"time,":[161],"simulation":[163],"provides":[164,221],"a":[165],"goal":[166],"optimization":[169],"scheme":[173],"improvement":[179],"accuracy":[182],"sub-nanometer":[185,205],"level.":[186],"In":[187],"actual":[188],"measurement,":[189],"needs":[197],"be":[199],"smaller":[200,209,216],"than":[201,210,217],"2.87\u00b0":[202],"interference":[206],"accuracy,":[207],"0.25\u00b0":[211],"make":[213],"ten":[218],"picometers.":[219],"It":[220],"theoretical":[222],"guidance":[223],"effective":[226],"means":[227],"design":[231],"instruments":[235],"based":[236],"further":[240],"measurement":[242],"errors.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
