{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4363650979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083846","title":"Multi-Agent Modeling and Jamming-Aware Routing Protocols for Movable-Jammer-Affected WSNs","display_name":"Multi-Agent Modeling and Jamming-Aware Routing Protocols for Movable-Jammer-Affected WSNs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4363650979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083846","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3846/pdf?version=1681036998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3846/pdf?version=1681036998","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003005531","display_name":"Biao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-5110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","The Key Laboratory on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-5110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112122845","display_name":"Minyan Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minyan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","The Key Laboratory on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430263","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-3755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","The Key Laboratory on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 140191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112122845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"fwci":1.0809,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76724302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"3846","last_page":"3846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.8619096875190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6944336295127869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6897878050804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6310999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6270220875740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.598173975944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.531086802482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.47686657309532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.46593397855758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.44685935974121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4415067434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37838754057884216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.8619096875190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6944336295127869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6897878050804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6310999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6270220875740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.598173975944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.531086802482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.47686657309532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.46593397855758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.44685935974121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4415067434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37838754057884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3846/pdf?version=1681036998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37112187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10144817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10144817","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10144817/pdf/sensors-23-03846.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5cb3a8d9ba34b5c856f750145d80896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5cb3a8d9ba34b5c856f750145d80896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 8, p 3846 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3846/pdf?version=1681036998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4363650979.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28012414","https://openalex.org/W1574230221","https://openalex.org/W1976252565","https://openalex.org/W1981896690","https://openalex.org/W1989244791","https://openalex.org/W2004203064","https://openalex.org/W2018443022","https://openalex.org/W2036703594","https://openalex.org/W2043907034","https://openalex.org/W2054732208","https://openalex.org/W2084281464","https://openalex.org/W2097025901","https://openalex.org/W2113666979","https://openalex.org/W2115928060","https://openalex.org/W2118521282","https://openalex.org/W2124280970","https://openalex.org/W2136032111","https://openalex.org/W2147659088","https://openalex.org/W2158479256","https://openalex.org/W2189431159","https://openalex.org/W2471739909","https://openalex.org/W2528081911","https://openalex.org/W2615376404","https://openalex.org/W2786359148","https://openalex.org/W2922263593","https://openalex.org/W2979729503","https://openalex.org/W2981828829","https://openalex.org/W3009923424","https://openalex.org/W3010942833","https://openalex.org/W3031436417","https://openalex.org/W3048999977","https://openalex.org/W3204711768","https://openalex.org/W4205945437","https://openalex.org/W4292157874","https://openalex.org/W4320037378","https://openalex.org/W6678725373","https://openalex.org/W6680253809","https://openalex.org/W6681083485","https://openalex.org/W7005760038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539674285","https://openalex.org/W4200319726","https://openalex.org/W1998322187","https://openalex.org/W1038122923","https://openalex.org/W2952514781","https://openalex.org/W1984793747","https://openalex.org/W3019210376","https://openalex.org/W3197729047","https://openalex.org/W2391145594","https://openalex.org/W2972242150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1,71,91],"networks":[2],"(WSNs)":[3],"are":[4,17,24],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7],"various":[8],"fields,":[9],"and":[10,13,29,38,55,75,96,111,117,136,138,144,151,163,174],"the":[11,30,48,127,130,149,170],"reliability":[12,37,135,162],"performance":[14,39],"of":[15,32,50,70,129,154,172],"WSNs":[16,23,54,176],"critical":[18],"for":[19,60,120],"their":[20],"applications.":[21],"However,":[22],"vulnerable":[25],"to":[26,46,89,93],"jamming":[27,97,178],"attacks,":[28],"impact":[31,49,159],"movable":[33,51],"jammers":[34,52,76,155],"on":[35,53,160],"WSNs'":[36,134,161],"remains":[40],"largely":[41],"unexplored.":[42],"This":[43],"study":[44],"aims":[45],"investigate":[47],"propose":[56],"a":[57,81,157],"comprehensive":[58],"approach":[59],"modeling":[61,69],"jammer-affected":[62],"WSNs,":[63],"comprising":[64],"four":[65],"parts.":[66],"Firstly,":[67],"agent-based":[68],"nodes,":[72,102],"base":[73],"stations,":[74],"has":[77,86,156],"been":[78,87],"proposed.":[79],"Secondly,":[80],"jamming-aware":[82],"routing":[83],"protocol":[84],"(JRP)":[85],"proposed":[88],"enable":[90],"nodes":[92],"weigh":[94],"depth":[95],"values":[98],"when":[99],"selecting":[100],"relay":[101],"thereby":[103],"bypassing":[104],"areas":[105,143],"affected":[106],"by":[107],"jamming.":[108],"The":[109,122],"third":[110],"fourth":[112],"parts":[113],"involve":[114],"simulation":[115,123],"processes":[116],"parameter":[118],"design":[119,171],"simulations.":[121],"results":[124],"show":[125],"that":[126],"mobility":[128],"jammer":[131],"significantly":[132],"affects":[133],"performance,":[137],"JRP":[139],"effectively":[140],"bypasses":[141],"jammed":[142],"maintains":[145],"network":[146],"connectivity.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"number":[150],"deployment":[152],"location":[153],"significant":[158],"performance.":[164],"These":[165],"findings":[166],"provide":[167],"insights":[168],"into":[169],"reliable":[173],"efficient":[175],"under":[177],"attacks.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
