{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4363647970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083817","title":"Detection and Mitigation of SYN Flooding Attacks through SYN/ACK Packets and Black/White Lists","display_name":"Detection and Mitigation of SYN Flooding Attacks through SYN/ACK Packets and Black/White Lists","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4363647970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083817","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3817/pdf?version=1680876769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3817/pdf?version=1680876769","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025900051","display_name":"Chun-Hao Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Hao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004401635","display_name":"Jhen-Ping Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhen-Ping Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001920203","display_name":"Fang-Yi Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3576-7172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang-Yi Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015664912","display_name":"Ting\u2010Yu Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7914-2164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Yu Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014249436","display_name":"Meng\u2010Hsun Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-5245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meng-Hsun Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-5245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014249436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613","https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.0008,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86067567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"3817","last_page":"3817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.7766811847686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7290641069412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6480949521064758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6109171509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.5538880228996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.44991254806518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34475943446159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12615817785263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.10121718049049377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7766811847686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7290641069412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6480949521064758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6109171509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.5538880228996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.44991254806518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34475943446159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12615817785263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.10121718049049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3817/pdf?version=1680876769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37112158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10143797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10143797","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10143797/pdf/sensors-23-03817.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:241723f445f240b28187f5110abbc2e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/241723f445f240b28187f5110abbc2e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 8, p 3817 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/8/3817/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23083817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 8; Pages: 3817","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3817/pdf?version=1680876769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4363647970.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W2040340473","https://openalex.org/W2079145130","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2342787657","https://openalex.org/W2612104483","https://openalex.org/W2761635340","https://openalex.org/W2898182615","https://openalex.org/W2904333952","https://openalex.org/W2912601938","https://openalex.org/W2916800532","https://openalex.org/W2964277307","https://openalex.org/W2967111403","https://openalex.org/W3007603430","https://openalex.org/W3035635653","https://openalex.org/W3046034207","https://openalex.org/W3049415891","https://openalex.org/W3094464018","https://openalex.org/W3094533075","https://openalex.org/W4205307972","https://openalex.org/W4207000638","https://openalex.org/W6704331729","https://openalex.org/W6779544213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994311829","https://openalex.org/W2767068794","https://openalex.org/W2735897973","https://openalex.org/W2039821316","https://openalex.org/W3114854705","https://openalex.org/W4229489764","https://openalex.org/W3036366741","https://openalex.org/W2388081684","https://openalex.org/W3195575042","https://openalex.org/W2898113880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software-defined":[0],"networking":[1],"(SDN)":[2],"is":[3,27,94],"a":[4],"new":[5],"network":[6,14,33,39],"architecture":[7],"that":[8,35],"provides":[9],"programmable":[10],"networks,":[11],"more":[12],"efficient":[13],"management,":[15],"and":[16,45,66,85],"centralized":[17],"control":[18],"than":[19],"traditional":[20],"networks.":[21],"The":[22],"TCP":[23],"SYN":[24,49],"flooding":[25,50],"attack":[26],"one":[28],"of":[29],"the":[30,62,80,83,90,99],"most":[31],"aggressive":[32],"attacks":[34,51],"can":[36],"seriously":[37],"degrade":[38],"performance.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"proposes":[43],"detection":[44,87],"mitigation":[46],"modules":[47],"against":[48],"in":[52],"SDN.":[53],"We":[54],"combine":[55],"those":[56],"modules,":[57],"which":[58],"have":[59],"evolved":[60],"from":[61],"cuckoo":[63],"hashing":[64],"method":[65],"innovative":[67],"whitelist,":[68],"to":[69,74],"get":[70],"better":[71],"performance":[72],"compared":[73],"current":[75],"methods":[76],"Our":[77],"approach":[78],"reduces":[79],"traffic":[81],"through":[82],"switch":[84],"improves":[86],"accuracy,":[88],"also":[89],"required":[91],"register":[92],"size":[93],"reduced":[95],"by":[96],"half":[97],"for":[98],"same":[100],"accuracy.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
