{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362700955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083785","title":"A Frequency Estimation Scheme Based on Gaussian Average Filtering Decomposition and Hilbert Transform: With Estimation of Respiratory Rate as an Example","display_name":"A Frequency Estimation Scheme Based on Gaussian Average Filtering Decomposition and Hilbert Transform: With Estimation of Respiratory Rate as an Example","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362700955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083785","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3785/pdf?version=1680850875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3785/pdf?version=1680850875","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600693","display_name":"Yue\u2010Der Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-166X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue-Der Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan","Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-166X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084367129","display_name":"Yong-Kok Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Kok Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108351592","display_name":"Tien-Hsiung Ku","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159511","display_name":"Changhua Christian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05d9dtr71","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159511"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tienhsiung Ku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50051, Taiwan","Department of Anesthesiology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50051, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50051, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50051, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036902803","display_name":"Baofeng Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-6649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baofeng Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100600693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2444,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40767969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"3785","last_page":"3785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.950243353843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert-transform","display_name":"Hilbert transform","score":0.5482058525085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instantaneous-phase","display_name":"Instantaneous phase","score":0.5142168998718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49001967906951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4659811854362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4603230059146881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4518470764160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4235718846321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.374999463558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32490381598472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31920719146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2722300589084625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density","display_name":"Spectral density","score":0.1543441116809845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.15273496508598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.12487232685089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.09913396835327148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.950243353843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28799612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685437","display_name":"Hilbert transform","level":3,"score":0.5482058525085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137798554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6038852","display_name":"Instantaneous phase","level":3,"score":0.5142168998718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49001967906951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4659811854362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4603230059146881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4518470764160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4235718846321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.374999463558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32490381598472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31920719146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2722300589084625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.1543441116809845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.15273496508598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.12487232685089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.09913396835327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3785/pdf?version=1680850875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37112125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10145328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10145328","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10145328/pdf/sensors-23-03785.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce61b3f4f34e44ba9b00902c3c8e72cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce61b3f4f34e44ba9b00902c3c8e72cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 8, p 3785 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/8/3785/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23083785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 8; Pages: 3785","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23083785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3785/pdf?version=1680850875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362700955.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50605923","https://openalex.org/W181538283","https://openalex.org/W397076878","https://openalex.org/W421427534","https://openalex.org/W1971509683","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2009946799","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2036631315","https://openalex.org/W2067724039","https://openalex.org/W2074079857","https://openalex.org/W2094237891","https://openalex.org/W2110132182","https://openalex.org/W2111460811","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2120958902","https://openalex.org/W2140147284","https://openalex.org/W2154731305","https://openalex.org/W2156742842","https://openalex.org/W2158706430","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2169713586","https://openalex.org/W2272830787","https://openalex.org/W2276919134","https://openalex.org/W2298477770","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2496217740","https://openalex.org/W2515655704","https://openalex.org/W2568864071","https://openalex.org/W2606284034","https://openalex.org/W2738198711","https://openalex.org/W2898922957","https://openalex.org/W2912176114","https://openalex.org/W2936479322","https://openalex.org/W2951565129","https://openalex.org/W2996307788","https://openalex.org/W3036597378","https://openalex.org/W3088070708","https://openalex.org/W3093478996","https://openalex.org/W3106327490","https://openalex.org/W3110689439","https://openalex.org/W3151390750","https://openalex.org/W3198757505","https://openalex.org/W3209551248","https://openalex.org/W4236160928","https://openalex.org/W6602011570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W770922146","https://openalex.org/W2944133676","https://openalex.org/W2079526624","https://openalex.org/W2246325368","https://openalex.org/W2749564076","https://openalex.org/W2013819488","https://openalex.org/W2541427986","https://openalex.org/W2559046926","https://openalex.org/W1993233627","https://openalex.org/W2377062149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"estimation":[1,160],"plays":[2],"a":[3,38,57],"critical":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,60,108,145,165],"vital":[7],"sign":[8],"monitoring.":[9],"Methods":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12],"Fourier":[13],"transform":[14,50,130,136],"and":[15,28,72,112,119,128,147,171,195],"eigen-analysis":[16],"are":[17,75,183],"commonly":[18],"adopted":[19],"techniques":[20],"for":[21,158],"frequency":[22,148],"estimation.":[23,149],"Because":[24],"of":[25,31,66,84,126,143,161,187,198],"the":[26,64,76,82,124,134,140,159,176,180],"nonstationary":[27],"time-varying":[29],"characteristics":[30],"physiological":[32],"processes,":[33],"time-frequency":[34],"analysis":[35],"(TFA)":[36],"is":[37,132,153],"feasible":[39],"way":[40],"to":[41,55,105,117,138,155,185,196],"perform":[42],"biomedical":[43,61,110],"signal":[44],"analysis.":[45,203],"Among":[46],"miscellaneous":[47],"approaches,":[48],"Hilbert-Huang":[49],"(HHT)":[51],"has":[52,102],"been":[53,103],"demonstrated":[54],"be":[56,106,114,156,186,197],"potential":[58],"tool":[59],"applications.":[62],"However,":[63],"problems":[65],"mode":[67,86,92],"mixing,":[68],"unnecessary":[69],"redundant":[70],"decomposition":[71,87,93,99],"boundary":[73],"effect":[74],"common":[77],"deficits":[78],"that":[79,131],"occur":[80],"during":[81],"procedure":[83],"empirical":[85,91],"(EMD)":[88],"or":[89],"ensemble":[90],"(EEMD).":[94],"The":[95],"Gaussian":[96],"average":[97],"filtering":[98],"(GAFD)":[100],"technique":[101],"shown":[104],"appropriate":[107],"several":[109],"scenarios":[111],"can":[113],"an":[115],"alternative":[116],"EMD":[118],"EEMD.":[120],"This":[121,150],"research":[122],"proposes":[123],"combination":[125],"GAFD":[127],"Hilbert":[129],"termed":[133],"Hilbert-Gauss":[135],"(HGT)":[137],"overcome":[139],"conventional":[141],"drawbacks":[142],"HHT":[144],"TFA":[146],"new":[151],"method":[152],"verified":[154],"effective":[157],"respiratory":[162],"rate":[163],"(RR)":[164],"finger":[166],"photoplethysmography":[167],"(PPG),":[168],"wrist":[169],"PPG":[170],"seismocardiogram":[172],"(SCG).":[173],"Compared":[174],"with":[175],"ground":[177],"truth":[178],"values,":[179],"estimated":[181],"RRs":[182],"evaluated":[184],"excellent":[188],"reliability":[189],"by":[190,201],"intraclass":[191],"correlation":[192],"coefficient":[193],"(ICC)":[194],"high":[199],"agreement":[200],"Bland-Altman":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}