{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362579116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073693","title":"An Improved YOLOv5-Based Underwater Object-Detection Framework","display_name":"An Improved YOLOv5-Based Underwater Object-Detection Framework","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362579116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073693","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073693","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3693/pdf?version=1680496047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3693/pdf?version=1680496047","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014797277","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-6874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-6874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020819589","display_name":"Jinshuai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1132-0883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinshuai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1132-0883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103019637","display_name":"Kexin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1300-873X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kexin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1300-873X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076730753","display_name":"Yonghui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-0862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-0862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058375162","display_name":"Hongda Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3605-1694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongda Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3605-1694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023650516","display_name":"Xinyue Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5197-1837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyue Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5197-1837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076730753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.5977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99012473,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"3693","last_page":"3693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7807018756866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6241539716720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5978415608406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5845504999160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5782632827758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5108060836791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5016636848449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4916840195655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4835040867328644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4679986834526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.46762996912002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.432158887386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4108927249908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.406515896320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33276867866516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1934639811515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07901585102081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07273882627487183}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7807018756866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6241539716720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5978415608406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5845504999160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5782632827758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5108060836791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5016636848449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4916840195655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4835040867328644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4679986834526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.46762996912002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.432158887386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4108927249908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.406515896320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33276867866516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1934639811515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07901585102081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07273882627487183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073693","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3693/pdf?version=1680496047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37050753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10099368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10099368","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10099368/pdf/sensors-23-03693.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:46b85810c0aa48bab626acbc12377223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/46b85810c0aa48bab626acbc12377223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 7, p 3693 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/7/3693/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 7; Pages: 3693","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073693","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3693/pdf?version=1680496047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362579116.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976468890","https://openalex.org/W2055447163","https://openalex.org/W2096022691","https://openalex.org/W2096702704","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2433710222","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2587107113","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2811290696","https://openalex.org/W2916750582","https://openalex.org/W2950907316","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2990472756","https://openalex.org/W3008202940","https://openalex.org/W3028220388","https://openalex.org/W3091565629","https://openalex.org/W3158623384","https://openalex.org/W3172509117","https://openalex.org/W3186103791","https://openalex.org/W3201231642","https://openalex.org/W3205076022","https://openalex.org/W3210044187","https://openalex.org/W3210586215","https://openalex.org/W3215320621","https://openalex.org/W4206124218","https://openalex.org/W4206629236","https://openalex.org/W4226197550","https://openalex.org/W4226334005","https://openalex.org/W4229374375","https://openalex.org/W4282914989","https://openalex.org/W4283393020","https://openalex.org/W4283714748","https://openalex.org/W4285791472","https://openalex.org/W4291744068","https://openalex.org/W4297002150","https://openalex.org/W4303579025","https://openalex.org/W4304606337","https://openalex.org/W4313490880","https://openalex.org/W4313584471","https://openalex.org/W4315498985","https://openalex.org/W4316038736","https://openalex.org/W4317506075","https://openalex.org/W4317757463","https://openalex.org/W4317811054","https://openalex.org/W4319072854","https://openalex.org/W4319342106","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4320033720","https://openalex.org/W4320503664","https://openalex.org/W4320900851","https://openalex.org/W4321033361","https://openalex.org/W4321487386","https://openalex.org/W4360616603","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6850365456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388412763","https://openalex.org/W1999583034","https://openalex.org/W4315498985","https://openalex.org/W3034421924","https://openalex.org/W2982536526","https://openalex.org/W4386858688","https://openalex.org/W4380302312","https://openalex.org/W4390971171","https://openalex.org/W4385338604","https://openalex.org/W3081626085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,33],"date,":[1],"general-purpose":[2],"object-detection":[3,51],"methods":[4],"have":[5],"achieved":[6],"a":[7,48,80,97,140,162],"great":[8],"deal.":[9],"However,":[10],"challenges":[11],"such":[12,35,134],"as":[13,198],"degraded":[14],"image":[15,190,226],"quality,":[16],"complex":[17],"backgrounds,":[18],"and":[19,37,148,184,193,212,235,237,243,254],"the":[20,40,60,86,104,113,117,121,129,136,149,158,176,180,194,199,202,208,216,222,231,239,249,258,265],"detection":[21,87,137,150,267],"of":[22,42,63,132,157,165,224,268],"marine":[23,49,269],"organisms":[24],"at":[25],"different":[26],"scales":[27],"arise":[28],"when":[29,246],"identifying":[30],"underwater":[31,209,225],"organisms.":[32,270],"solve":[34],"problems":[36],"further":[38,153],"improve":[39],"accuracy":[41,151],"relevant":[43],"models,":[44],"this":[45,166],"study":[46],"proposes":[47],"biological":[50],"architecture":[52],"based":[53],"on":[54,175,207,252],"an":[55],"improved":[56,203],"YOLOv5":[57,204],"framework.":[58,205],"First,":[59],"backbone":[61],"framework":[62,218,260],"Real-Time":[64],"Models":[65],"for":[66,264],"object":[67],"Detection":[68],"(RTMDet)":[69],"is":[70,101,126,152,173,196],"introduced.":[71],"The":[72,155],"core":[73],"module,":[74],"Cross-Stage":[75],"Partial":[76],"Layer":[77],"(CSPLayer),":[78],"includes":[79],"large":[81],"convolution":[82,99],"kernel,":[83],"which":[84],"allows":[85],"network":[88,138],"to":[89,103,107,201],"precisely":[90],"capture":[91],"contextual":[92],"information":[93,111],"more":[94,109],"comprehensively.":[95],"Furthermore,":[96],"common":[98],"layer":[100],"added":[102,127],"stem":[105],"layer,":[106],"extract":[108],"valuable":[110],"from":[112],"images":[114],"efficiently.":[115],"Then,":[116],"BoT3":[118,159],"module":[119,131,160],"with":[120,145,248],"multi-head":[122],"self-attention":[123],"(MHSA)":[124],"mechanism":[125],"into":[128],"neck":[130],"YOLOv5,":[133],"that":[135,215,257],"has":[139],"better":[141],"effect":[142],"in":[143],"scenes":[144],"dense":[146],"targets":[147],"improved.":[154],"introduction":[156],"represents":[161],"key":[163],"innovation":[164],"paper.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"union":[169],"dataset":[170],"augmentation":[171,191],"(UDA)":[172],"performed":[174],"training":[177],"set":[178],"using":[179],"Minimal":[181],"Color":[182],"Loss":[183],"Locally":[185],"Adaptive":[186],"Contrast":[187],"Enhancement":[188],"(MLLE)":[189],"method,":[192],"result":[195],"used":[197],"input":[200],"Experiments":[206],"datasets":[210],"URPC2019":[211,253],"URPC2020":[213],"show":[214],"proposed":[217,259],"not":[219],"only":[220],"alleviates":[221],"interference":[223],"degradation,":[227],"but":[228],"also":[229],"makes":[230],"mAP@0.5":[232,240],"reach":[233],"79.8%":[234],"79.4%":[236],"improves":[238],"by":[241],"3.8%":[242],"1.1%,":[244],"respectively,":[245],"compared":[247],"original":[250],"YOLOv8":[251],"URPC2020,":[255],"demonstrating":[256],"presents":[261],"superior":[262],"performance":[263],"high-precision":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}