{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362519890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073617","title":"Acoustic Backscatter Communication and Power Transfer for Batteryless Wireless Sensors","display_name":"Acoustic Backscatter Communication and Power Transfer for Batteryless Wireless Sensors","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362519890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073617","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3617/pdf?version=1680608954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3617/pdf?version=1680608954","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043507602","display_name":"Peter Oppermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-2307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Oppermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamburg University of Technology, TUHH, Institute for Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-2307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamburg University of Technology, TUHH, Institute for Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems, 21073 Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030142648","display_name":"Christian Renner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-6444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd-Christian Renner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamburg University of Technology, TUHH, Institute for Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-6444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamburg University of Technology, TUHH, Institute for Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems, 21073 Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043507602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81554412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"3617","last_page":"3617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6593415141105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6591693162918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.6410816311836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5865804553031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.585228681564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5404132604598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shielded-cable","display_name":"Shielded cable","score":0.5317455530166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5263753533363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-transmission","display_name":"Power transmission","score":0.49355995655059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45918530225753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.43509429693222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4280461370944977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2813745439052582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2646303176879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08975619077682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.0752640962600708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6593415141105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6591693162918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.6410816311836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5865804553031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.585228681564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5404132604598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77590175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506009","display_name":"Shielded cable","level":2,"score":0.5317455530166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5263753533363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.49355995655059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45918530225753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.43509429693222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4280461370944977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2813745439052582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2646303176879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08975619077682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0752640962600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3617/pdf?version=1680608954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37050677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10147092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10147092","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10147092/pdf/sensors-23-03617.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0cda8edf74034a6494e3f28713841f6f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0cda8edf74034a6494e3f28713841f6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 7, p 3617 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/7/3617/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 7; Pages: 3617","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:11420/15092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11420/15092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401751","display_name":"tub.dok (Hamburg University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","host_organization_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.15480/882.5047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15480/882.5047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052987","display_name":"TUHH Open Research","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3617/pdf?version=1680608954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2913907214","display_name":"DI2T: Zuverl\u00e4ssige, intermittierende vernetze Dinge","funder_award_id":"492151098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362519890.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981028814","https://openalex.org/W2288363086","https://openalex.org/W2567050464","https://openalex.org/W2580735165","https://openalex.org/W2972684427","https://openalex.org/W2973402006","https://openalex.org/W2981771894","https://openalex.org/W2988371385","https://openalex.org/W3001528456","https://openalex.org/W3014190584","https://openalex.org/W3046884028","https://openalex.org/W3169398596","https://openalex.org/W3173729859","https://openalex.org/W3180505701","https://openalex.org/W4220910238","https://openalex.org/W4225379962","https://openalex.org/W4287880330","https://openalex.org/W4290990902","https://openalex.org/W4290991456","https://openalex.org/W4292348033","https://openalex.org/W4293067501","https://openalex.org/W4297241269","https://openalex.org/W4312306799","https://openalex.org/W6775797150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2313878919","https://openalex.org/W4205317126","https://openalex.org/W2236924022","https://openalex.org/W2763444231","https://openalex.org/W2740114034","https://openalex.org/W2766259844","https://openalex.org/W2776674530","https://openalex.org/W2944239825","https://openalex.org/W4327640760","https://openalex.org/W2928000672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensors":[0],"for":[1,90],"industrial":[2],"and":[3,11,19,60,62,71,94,128],"structural":[4],"health":[5],"monitoring":[6],"are":[7],"often":[8],"in":[9,25],"shielded":[10],"hard-to-reach":[12],"places.":[13],"Acoustic":[14],"wireless":[15,167],"power":[16,163],"transfer":[17],"(WPT)":[18],"piezoelectric":[20],"backscatter":[21,38,121],"enable":[22,119],"batteryless":[23,70],"sensors":[24],"such":[26],"scenarios.":[27],"Although":[28],"the":[29,54,81,110,147,156],"low":[30],"efficiency":[31,177],"of":[32,80,112,141,162,172,178],"WPT":[33,59],"demands":[34],"power-conserving":[35],"sensor":[36],"nodes,":[37],"communication,":[39,91],"which":[40],"consumes":[41,149],"near-zero":[42],"power,":[43],"has":[44],"not":[45],"yet":[46],"been":[47],"combined":[48],"with":[49,123,175],"WPT.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"reviews":[53],"available":[55,77],"approaches":[56],"to":[57,108],"acoustic":[58,64],"active":[61],"passive":[63],"through-metal":[65],"communication.":[66],"We":[67,115],"design":[68],"a":[69,100,139,170],"backscattering":[72],"tag":[73],"prototype":[74,132,148],"from":[75],"commercially":[76],"components.":[78],"Analysis":[79],"prototypes":[82],"reveals":[83],"that":[84,117],"low-power":[85],"hardware":[86],"poses":[87],"additional":[88],"challenges":[89],"i.e.,":[92],"unstable":[93],"inaccurate":[95,124],"oscillators.":[96],"Therefore,":[97],"we":[98],"implement":[99],"software-defined":[101],"receiver":[102],"using":[103,126],"digital":[104],"phase-locked":[105],"loops":[106],"(DPLLs)":[107],"mitigate":[109],"effects":[111],"oscillator":[113],"instability.":[114],"show":[116],"DPLLs":[118],"reliable":[120],"communication":[122,134],"clocks":[125],"simulation":[127],"real-world":[129],"measurements.":[130],"Our":[131],"achieves":[133],"at":[135],"2":[136],"kBs-1":[137],"over":[138,159,169],"distance":[140,171],"3":[142,173],"m.":[143],"Furthermore,":[144],"during":[145],"transmission,":[146],"less":[150],"than":[151],"300":[152],"\u03bcW":[153],"power.":[154],"At":[155],"same":[157],"time,":[158],"4":[160],"mW":[161],"is":[164],"received":[165],"through":[166],"transmission":[168],"m":[174],"an":[176],"2.8%.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}