{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361214019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073505","title":"Coordinated Optimal Control of AFS and DYC for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles Based on MAS Model","display_name":"Coordinated Optimal Control of AFS and DYC for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles Based on MAS Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361214019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073505","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073505","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3505/pdf?version=1679990165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3505/pdf?version=1679990165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089505782","display_name":"Niaona Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7530-3960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4385474403","display_name":"Changchun University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052pakb34","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niaona Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130000, China","State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7530-3960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052421753","display_name":"Jieshu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4385474403","display_name":"Changchun University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052pakb34","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jieshu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080519067","display_name":"Zonghao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-7605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zonghao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028125767","display_name":"Nan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-4149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101634116","display_name":"Haitao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-2907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442986","display_name":"Zhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-6733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101506381","display_name":"Konghui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-9667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konghui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102806346","display_name":"Haochen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9303-6946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4385474403","display_name":"Changchun University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052pakb34","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haochen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089505782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4385474403","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.2568,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.875777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"3505","last_page":"3505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14474","display_name":"Industrial Technology and Control Systems","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5520848035812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.530863344669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5113267302513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3902681767940521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35597842931747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1617402732372284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13451018929481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.06402820348739624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5520848035812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.530863344669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5113267302513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3902681767940521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35597842931747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1617402732372284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13451018929481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.06402820348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073505","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3505/pdf?version=1679990165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37050565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10098913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10098913","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10098913/pdf/sensors-23-03505.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be619d5324a5460ba1a35f3f13c28f9c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be619d5324a5460ba1a35f3f13c28f9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 7, p 3505 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/7/3505/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 7; Pages: 3505","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23073505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073505","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3505/pdf?version=1679990165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322300","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326884","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361214019.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1864870865","https://openalex.org/W2301927045","https://openalex.org/W2345026604","https://openalex.org/W2786871444","https://openalex.org/W2797209550","https://openalex.org/W2905093851","https://openalex.org/W2944270648","https://openalex.org/W2968626622","https://openalex.org/W2979605553","https://openalex.org/W3007590314","https://openalex.org/W3046621333","https://openalex.org/W3081419215","https://openalex.org/W3098567417","https://openalex.org/W3099534786","https://openalex.org/W3135337759","https://openalex.org/W3169672675","https://openalex.org/W3182554620","https://openalex.org/W3189616650","https://openalex.org/W3197358676","https://openalex.org/W4210628151","https://openalex.org/W4212890312","https://openalex.org/W4214589624","https://openalex.org/W4221001263","https://openalex.org/W4223537715","https://openalex.org/W4225158898","https://openalex.org/W4280623224","https://openalex.org/W4290465978","https://openalex.org/W6639108646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2571827127","https://openalex.org/W2358190750","https://openalex.org/W3125878227","https://openalex.org/W4385671734","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2162365590","https://openalex.org/W3014204036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"problem":[1],"that":[2,249],"it":[3],"is":[4,29,93,104,136,161,184,229,240,253,288,301],"difficult":[5],"to":[6,190,199],"balance":[7],"vehicle":[8,27,51,92,147],"stability":[9,206],"and":[10,43,70,85,100,115,131,152,202,207,218,227,245,259,271,293],"economy":[11,208,273],"at":[12,65],"the":[13,17,54,58,62,66,71,76,86,91,101,111,119,125,143,146,187,192,195,205,210,246,250,255,260,265,272,275,280,285,294,298],"same":[14],"time":[15],"under":[16],"starting":[18],"steering":[19,217,251],"condition":[20],"of":[21,41,61,68,75,78,90,118,128,145,194,209,257,274,297],"a":[22,36,46,235],"four-wheel":[23,47,120],"independent":[24,48,121],"drive":[25,49,122,219],"electric":[26,50,123],"(4WIDEV)":[28],"addressed.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34],"propose":[35],"coordinated":[37,133],"optimal":[38,134],"control":[39,135,169,175,222,283],"method":[40,223,262],"AFS":[42,130],"DYC":[44,132],"for":[45,186,231,242],"based":[52,138,224],"on":[53,110,139,225],"MAS":[55],"model.":[56],"Firstly,":[57],"angular":[59,150],"velocity":[60,151],"transverse":[63,148],"pendulum":[64],"center":[67,77],"mass":[69,79,153],"lateral":[72,154],"deflection":[73,155],"angle":[74,156,252],"are":[80],"decoupled":[81],"by":[82,163,290,303],"vector":[83],"transformation,":[84],"two-degree-of-freedom":[87,97],"eight-input":[88],"model":[89,127,173],"transformed":[94],"into":[95],"four":[96,107],"two-input":[98],"models,":[99],"reduced-dimensional":[102,126],"system":[103,196,266],"regarded":[105],"as":[106],"agents.":[108],"Based":[109],"hardware":[112],"connection":[113],"structure":[114,168],"communication":[116],"topology":[117],"vehicle,":[124],"4WIDEV":[129],"established":[137],"graph":[140],"theory.":[141],"Secondly,":[142],"deviation":[144],"swing":[149],"from":[157],"their":[158],"ideal":[159],"values":[160],"oriented":[162],"combining":[164],"sliding":[165,180],"mode":[166,181],"variable":[167],"(SMC)":[170],"with":[171,279],"distributed":[172],"predictive":[174],"(DMPC).":[176],"A":[177],"discrete":[178],"dynamic":[179,267],"surface":[182],"function":[183],"proposed":[185,230,261],"ith":[188,211],"agent":[189],"improve":[191],"robustness":[193],"in":[197,254],"response":[198],"parameter":[200],"variations":[201],"disturbances.":[203],"Considering":[204],"agent,":[212],"an":[213],"active":[214],"front":[215],"wheel":[216,299],"torque":[220],"optimization":[221],"SMC":[226],"DMPC":[228],"engineering":[232],"applications.":[233],"Finally,":[234],"hardware-in-the-loop":[236],"(HIL)":[237],"test":[238],"bench":[239],"built":[241],"experimental":[243],"verification,":[244],"results":[247],"show":[248],"range":[256],"0-5\u00b0,":[258],"effectively":[263],"weighs":[264],"performance,":[268],"computational":[269],"efficiency,":[270],"whole":[276],"vehicle.":[277],"Compared":[278],"conventional":[281],"centralized":[282],"method,":[284],"torque-solving":[286],"speed":[287],"improved":[289],"32.33":[291],"times,":[292],"electrical":[295],"consumption":[296],"motor":[300],"reduced":[302],"16.6%.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}