{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327714852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063185","title":"Radar Human Activity Recognition with an Attention-Based Deep Learning Network","display_name":"Radar Human Activity Recognition with an Attention-Based Deep Learning Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327714852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063185","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3185/pdf?version=1678969148","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3185/pdf?version=1678969148","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051619894","display_name":"Sha Huan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9883-7508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sha Huan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018062579","display_name":"Limei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0299-0864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353091","display_name":"Man Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-7569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Man Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059356708","display_name":"Zhaoyue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-9414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749336","display_name":"Chao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-0621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100353091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":27.2934,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99467702,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"3185","last_page":"3185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5772479772567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4848650395870209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44273650646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42217496037483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3417545557022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21051958203315735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5772479772567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4848650395870209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44273650646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42217496037483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3417545557022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21051958203315735}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057567","descriptor_name":"Memory, Long-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057567","descriptor_name":"Memory, Long-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3185/pdf?version=1678969148","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36991896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10054704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10054704","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10054704/pdf/sensors-23-03185.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:786017936f67455387a4cd68859ec422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/786017936f67455387a4cd68859ec422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 6, p 3185 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/6/3185/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 6; Pages: 3185","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3185/pdf?version=1678969148","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327714852.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157770256","https://openalex.org/W2165913693","https://openalex.org/W2242223225","https://openalex.org/W2783287825","https://openalex.org/W2793655483","https://openalex.org/W2795482375","https://openalex.org/W2958019793","https://openalex.org/W2979637742","https://openalex.org/W3000821456","https://openalex.org/W3004500412","https://openalex.org/W3013782694","https://openalex.org/W3026999846","https://openalex.org/W3034679438","https://openalex.org/W3039610325","https://openalex.org/W3082355135","https://openalex.org/W3091542279","https://openalex.org/W3106439092","https://openalex.org/W3111513472","https://openalex.org/W3134230466","https://openalex.org/W3153961130","https://openalex.org/W3174770113","https://openalex.org/W3196711810","https://openalex.org/W3207356324","https://openalex.org/W4206170577","https://openalex.org/W4211158710","https://openalex.org/W4214865698","https://openalex.org/W4285036903","https://openalex.org/W4312705335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W2939353110","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radar-based":[0],"human":[1,93,181],"activity":[2,94,141,182],"recognition":[3,170,225],"(HAR)":[4],"provides":[5],"a":[6,29,35,136,215],"non-contact":[7],"method":[8,189,203,228],"for":[9,38,58,236],"many":[10],"scenarios,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13,135],"human-computer":[14],"interaction,":[15],"smart":[16],"security,":[17],"and":[18,80,198,213],"advanced":[19],"surveillance":[20],"with":[21,69,162,223],"privacy":[22],"protection.":[23],"Feeding":[24],"radar-preprocessed":[25],"micro-Doppler":[26],"signals":[27,86],"into":[28,128],"deep":[30],"learning":[31],"(DL)":[32],"network":[33,54,68,76,112,218],"is":[34,73,103,121,172],"promising":[36],"approach":[37],"HAR.":[39,241],"Conventional":[40],"DL":[41],"algorithms":[42,222],"can":[43],"achieve":[44],"high":[45],"performance":[46],"in":[47,95,105,194,230],"terms":[48,195],"of":[49,83,92,187,196,240],"accuracy,":[50],"but":[51],"the":[52,78,89,96,108,116,125,129,140,147,153,158,163,169,185],"complex":[53],"structure":[55,219],"causes":[56],"difficulty":[57],"their":[59],"real-time":[60,237],"embedded":[61,238],"application.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64,231],"study,":[65],"an":[66,70,205],"efficient":[67],"attention":[71],"mechanism":[72],"proposed.":[74],"This":[75],"decouples":[77],"Doppler":[79,100,126],"temporal":[81],"features":[82,127,142],"radar":[84],"preprocessed":[85],"according":[87],"to":[88,191,208,221],"feature":[90,101],"representation":[91,102],"time-frequency":[97],"domain.":[98],"The":[99,227],"obtained":[104],"sequence":[106],"using":[107,146],"one-dimensional":[109],"convolutional":[110],"neural":[111],"(1D":[113],"CNN)":[114],"following":[115],"sliding":[117],"window.":[118],"Then,":[119],"HAR":[120],"realized":[122],"by":[123,174],"inputting":[124],"attention-mechanism-based":[130],"long":[131],"short-term":[132],"memory":[133],"(LSTM)":[134],"time":[137],"sequence.":[138],"Moreover,":[139],"are":[143],"effectively":[144],"enhanced":[145],"averaged":[148],"cancellation":[149],"method,":[150],"which":[151],"improves":[152],"clutter":[154],"suppression":[155],"effect":[156],"under":[157],"micro-motion":[159],"conditions.":[160],"Compared":[161],"traditional":[164,192],"moving":[165],"target":[166],"indicator":[167],"(MTI),":[168],"accuracy":[171,206],"improved":[173],"about":[175],"3.7%.":[176],"Experiments":[177],"based":[178],"on":[179,210],"two":[180],"datasets":[183,212],"confirm":[184],"superiority":[186],"our":[188,202],"compared":[190,220],"methods":[193],"expressiveness":[197],"computational":[199],"efficiency.":[200],"Specifically,":[201],"achieves":[204],"close":[207],"96.9%":[209],"both":[211],"has":[214,233],"more":[216],"lightweight":[217],"similar":[224],"accuracy.":[226],"proposed":[229],"article":[232],"great":[234],"potential":[235],"applications":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}