{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4324056858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063071","title":"Hybrid IoT Cyber Range","display_name":"Hybrid IoT Cyber Range","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4324056858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063071","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3071/pdf?version=1678757579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3071/pdf?version=1678757579","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021408523","display_name":"Karl Edvard Balto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Edvard Balto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012245263","display_name":"Muhammad Mudassar Yamin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-7613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mudassar Yamin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-7613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011052188","display_name":"Andrii Shalaginov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-6875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800207870","display_name":"H\u00f8yskolen Kristiania","ror":"https://ror.org/03gss5916","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800207870"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrii Shalaginov","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University College, Kirkegata 24-26, 0153 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University College, Kirkegata 24-26, 0153 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800207870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035810461","display_name":"Basel Katt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0177-9496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basel Katt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0177-9496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012245263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.2005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77728618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"3071","last_page":"3071"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7103344202041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6921920776367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.65669846534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.590995192527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5843672752380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5702913403511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4392549395561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1242278516292572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7103344202041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6921920776367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.65669846534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.590995192527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5843672752380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5702913403511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4392549395561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1242278516292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3071/pdf?version=1678757579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36991781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10059840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10059840","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10059840/pdf/sensors-23-03071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:602c231570094afc8270d60bde68e480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/602c231570094afc8270d60bde68e480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 6, p 3071 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/6/3071/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 6; Pages: 3071","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3050861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3050861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3071/pdf?version=1678757579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4324056858.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035061007","https://openalex.org/W2043118292","https://openalex.org/W2150641169","https://openalex.org/W2559987443","https://openalex.org/W2576376563","https://openalex.org/W2741982191","https://openalex.org/W2765417404","https://openalex.org/W2766579349","https://openalex.org/W2902012766","https://openalex.org/W2945744393","https://openalex.org/W2958357193","https://openalex.org/W2969937713","https://openalex.org/W2976967302","https://openalex.org/W2980131799","https://openalex.org/W2980706702","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W3011115143","https://openalex.org/W3018354080","https://openalex.org/W3087909696","https://openalex.org/W3090175200","https://openalex.org/W3092021814","https://openalex.org/W3093545418","https://openalex.org/W3108027398","https://openalex.org/W3111743984","https://openalex.org/W3111986485","https://openalex.org/W3122648985","https://openalex.org/W3129506420","https://openalex.org/W3133922644","https://openalex.org/W3161919951","https://openalex.org/W3184498227","https://openalex.org/W3190062535","https://openalex.org/W3208377465","https://openalex.org/W4205326532","https://openalex.org/W4206405501","https://openalex.org/W4211173470","https://openalex.org/W4226187108","https://openalex.org/W4285244624","https://openalex.org/W6610502214","https://openalex.org/W6792526698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W2950174689","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W623607250","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4245429118","https://openalex.org/W3155146721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1,101],"of":[2,14,29,76,250,295],"IoT":[3,38,69,124,165,175,178,194,207,229,234,286],"devices":[4,16,32,39,96,208,235],"has":[5],"increased":[6,142],"rapidly":[7],"in":[8,92,123,137,164,192,206],"recent":[9],"times.":[10],"While":[11],"the":[12,27,58,68,74,193,204,281],"development":[13],"new":[15],"is":[17,49,62,65,73,170,200,209,220,241,257,272],"moving":[18],"quickly,":[19],"and":[20,47,56,102,110,121,129,144,149,162,215,217,289,293],"as":[21,54,190],"prices":[22],"are":[23,40,114,131],"being":[24],"forced":[25],"down,":[26],"costs":[28],"developing":[30],"such":[31],"also":[33],"needs":[34],"to":[35,97,100,106,222,244,259],"be":[36,84,98,237],"reduced.":[37],"now":[41],"trusted":[42],"with":[43,211,263,269],"more":[44,185],"critical":[45],"tasks,":[46],"it":[48,82,219,240,256],"important":[50],"that":[51,57,72,155,226,298],"they":[52,60,151],"behave":[53],"intended":[55],"information":[59],"process":[61],"protected.":[63],"It":[64],"not":[66,189,198,242],"always":[67],"device":[70],"itself":[71],"target":[75],"a":[77,85,167,171,274,284,291,296],"cyber":[78,179,267,276,287],"attack,":[79],"but":[80,188,239],"rather,":[81],"can":[83,152,156,236],"tool":[86],"for":[87,174,247,283],"another":[88],"attack.":[89],"Home":[90],"consumers,":[91],"particular,":[93],"expect":[94],"these":[95],"easy":[99],"set":[103],"up.":[104],"However,":[105],"reduce":[107],"costs,":[108],"complexity,":[109],"time,":[111],"security":[112,139],"measures":[113],"often":[115],"cut":[116],"down.":[117],"To":[118,159,231,252],"increase":[119,160],"awareness":[120,143,163],"knowledge":[122,145,161],"security,":[125,166,176],"education,":[126],"awareness,":[127],"demonstrations,":[128],"training":[130,172],"necessary.":[132],"Small":[133],"changes":[134],"may":[135],"result":[136],"significant":[138],"benefits.":[140],"With":[141],"among":[146],"developers,":[147],"manufacturers,":[148],"users,":[150],"make":[153],"choices":[154],"improve":[157],"security.":[158],"proposed":[168],"solution":[169,225],"ground":[173],"an":[177],"range.":[180,277],"Cyber":[181],"ranges":[182],"have":[183],"received":[184],"attention":[186],"lately,":[187],"much":[191],"field,":[195],"at":[196],"least":[197],"what":[199],"publicly":[201],"available.":[202],"As":[203],"diversity":[205],"large":[210],"different":[212],"vendors,":[213],"architectures,":[214],"components":[216],"peripherals,":[218],"difficult":[221],"find":[223],"one":[224],"fits":[227],"all":[228,248,254],"devices.":[230,251],"some":[232],"extent,":[233],"emulated,":[238],"feasible":[243],"create":[245],"emulators":[246],"types":[249],"cover":[253],"needs,":[255],"necessary":[258],"combine":[260],"digital":[261],"emulation":[262],"real":[264],"hardware.":[265],"A":[266],"range":[268,288,297],"this":[270],"combination":[271],"called":[273],"hybrid":[275,285],"This":[278],"work":[279],"surveys":[280],"requirements":[282],"proposes":[290],"design":[292],"implementation":[294],"fulfills":[299],"those":[300],"requirements.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}