{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4324092370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063035","title":"Transformer-Based Fire Detection in Videos","display_name":"Transformer-Based Fire Detection in Videos","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4324092370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063035","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3035/pdf?version=1678692388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3035/pdf?version=1678692388","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040760494","display_name":"Konstantina Mardani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9188-0124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Konstantina Mardani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9188-0124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023583976","display_name":"Nicholas Vretos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-9685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Vretos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-9685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071585254","display_name":"Petros Daras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petros Daras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040760494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.2683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92134063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"3035","last_page":"3035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.48418334126472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43933433294296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3850121796131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3691120743751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22071900963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12822046875953674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.48418334126472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43933433294296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3850121796131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3691120743751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22071900963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12822046875953674}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3035/pdf?version=1678692388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36991746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10051572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10051572","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10051572/pdf/sensors-23-03035.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c0e6cfab6d84850ab2e5c13a62541d5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c0e6cfab6d84850ab2e5c13a62541d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 6, p 3035 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/6/3035/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 6; Pages: 3035","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23063035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3035/pdf?version=1678692388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2468114386","display_name":"Intelligent Toolkit for Reconnaissance and assessmEnt in Perilous Incidents","funder_award_id":"883345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4324092370.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972058229","https://openalex.org/W1996199746","https://openalex.org/W2022381160","https://openalex.org/W2057045690","https://openalex.org/W2099386276","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2192861466","https://openalex.org/W2289110935","https://openalex.org/W2315502046","https://openalex.org/W2319378258","https://openalex.org/W2611171851","https://openalex.org/W2792318059","https://openalex.org/W2807862495","https://openalex.org/W2834632380","https://openalex.org/W2960646647","https://openalex.org/W2962386082","https://openalex.org/W2963294168","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2990265818","https://openalex.org/W3020703583","https://openalex.org/W3034328552","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3106941003","https://openalex.org/W3110232229","https://openalex.org/W3129334026","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6762205418","https://openalex.org/W6763509872","https://openalex.org/W6778485988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W2365799114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fire":[0],"detection":[1,44,87],"in":[2,8,47,65,96,104,108,114,118,143,162,186],"videos":[3,48],"forms":[4],"a":[5,39],"valuable":[6],"feature":[7],"surveillance":[9],"systems,":[10],"as":[11,110],"its":[12,101],"utilization":[13],"can":[14,111],"prevent":[15],"hazardous":[16],"situations.":[17],"The":[18,89,124],"combination":[19],"of":[20,32,45,76,93,121],"an":[21,53],"accurate":[22],"and":[23,99,130,145,179,183],"fast":[24],"model":[25,90],"is":[26,49,52,62,91],"necessary":[27],"for":[28,42,83,132,176,181],"the":[29,43,58,77,84,105,115,119,137,146,153,156,187],"effective":[30],"confrontation":[31],"this":[33,37],"significant":[34],"task.":[35,149,190],"In":[36,150],"work,":[38],"transformer-based":[40],"network":[41],"fire":[46,86,95,142,147,177],"proposed.":[50],"It":[51],"encoder-decoder":[54],"architecture":[55],"that":[56,61],"consumes":[57],"current":[59],"frame":[60,79],"under":[63],"examination,":[64],"order":[66],"to":[67],"compute":[68],"attention":[69],"scores.":[70],"These":[71],"scores":[72],"denote":[73],"which":[74],"parts":[75],"input":[78],"are":[80],"more":[81],"relevant":[82],"expected":[85],"output.":[88],"capable":[92],"recognizing":[94],"video":[97],"frames":[98],"specifying":[100],"exact":[102],"location":[103],"image":[106],"plane":[107],"real-time,":[109],"be":[112],"seen":[113],"experimental":[116],"results,":[117],"form":[120],"segmentation":[122],"mask.":[123],"proposed":[125,157],"methodology":[126],"has":[127],"been":[128],"trained":[129],"evaluated":[131],"two":[133],"computer":[134],"vision":[135],"tasks,":[136,164],"full-frame":[138,188],"classification":[139,189],"task":[140],"(fire/no":[141],"frames)":[144],"localization":[148],"comparison":[151],"with":[152,165],"state-of-the-art":[154],"models,":[155],"method":[158],"achieves":[159],"outstanding":[160],"results":[161],"both":[163],"97%":[166,180],"accuracy,":[167],"20.4":[168],"fps":[169],"processing":[170],"time,":[171],"0.02":[172],"false":[173],"positive":[174],"rate":[175],"localization,":[178],"f-score":[182],"recall":[184],"metrics":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}