{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323566093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23062920","title":"Building a Low-Cost Wireless Biofeedback Solution: Applying Design Science Research Methodology","display_name":"Building a Low-Cost Wireless Biofeedback Solution: Applying Design Science Research Methodology","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323566093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23062920","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23062920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23062920","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/2920/pdf?version=1678260851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/2920/pdf?version=1678260851","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045631051","display_name":"Chih-Feng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-6424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Feng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-6424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044722744","display_name":"Chiuhsiang Joe Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-0527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chiuhsiang Joe Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-0527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044722744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4472,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81286165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"2920","last_page":"2920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6117972135543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofeedback","display_name":"Biofeedback","score":0.5716867446899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5620272159576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5125207901000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47813522815704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3319135904312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3305465579032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29397523403167725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6117972135543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776377089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864329","display_name":"Biofeedback","level":2,"score":0.5716867446899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5620272159576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5125207901000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47813522815704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3319135904312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3305465579032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29397523403167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23062920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23062920","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/2920/pdf?version=1678260851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36991630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36991630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10052076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10052076","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052076/pdf/sensors-23-02920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9393f5ce7f049eda8fea06dad066d37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9393f5ce7f049eda8fea06dad066d37","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 6, p 2920 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/6/2920/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23062920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 6; Pages: 2920","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23062920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23062920","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/2920/pdf?version=1678260851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323566093.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8749723","https://openalex.org/W81216320","https://openalex.org/W1983397055","https://openalex.org/W2015302753","https://openalex.org/W2043093227","https://openalex.org/W2045976986","https://openalex.org/W2049276185","https://openalex.org/W2109949839","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2137489111","https://openalex.org/W2141505181","https://openalex.org/W2155520195","https://openalex.org/W2172142147","https://openalex.org/W2289714406","https://openalex.org/W2294744698","https://openalex.org/W2424782950","https://openalex.org/W2626113459","https://openalex.org/W2765157217","https://openalex.org/W2772766867","https://openalex.org/W2782313632","https://openalex.org/W2789276341","https://openalex.org/W2791759991","https://openalex.org/W2792578050","https://openalex.org/W2798285655","https://openalex.org/W2886140863","https://openalex.org/W2894956427","https://openalex.org/W2908671501","https://openalex.org/W2910327462","https://openalex.org/W2911220936","https://openalex.org/W2915566664","https://openalex.org/W2920996505","https://openalex.org/W2943495380","https://openalex.org/W2946526173","https://openalex.org/W2947155785","https://openalex.org/W2971555734","https://openalex.org/W2997540115","https://openalex.org/W2999294457","https://openalex.org/W2999353049","https://openalex.org/W3004330901","https://openalex.org/W3005228027","https://openalex.org/W3043406787","https://openalex.org/W3048569836","https://openalex.org/W3080108059","https://openalex.org/W3091665404","https://openalex.org/W3092472365","https://openalex.org/W3112690175","https://openalex.org/W3133458179","https://openalex.org/W3134399564","https://openalex.org/W3150584075","https://openalex.org/W3157231780","https://openalex.org/W3157999215","https://openalex.org/W3158645760","https://openalex.org/W3174311080","https://openalex.org/W3174750596","https://openalex.org/W3175304210","https://openalex.org/W3180846684","https://openalex.org/W4200337451","https://openalex.org/W4200567725","https://openalex.org/W4210516688","https://openalex.org/W4230277160","https://openalex.org/W4243970139","https://openalex.org/W4280598601","https://openalex.org/W4281700730","https://openalex.org/W4281726402","https://openalex.org/W4281748663","https://openalex.org/W4281922449","https://openalex.org/W4283580111","https://openalex.org/W4286610451","https://openalex.org/W4290461747","https://openalex.org/W4293241524","https://openalex.org/W4294170323","https://openalex.org/W4295096956","https://openalex.org/W4301182403","https://openalex.org/W4309199389","https://openalex.org/W4309772359","https://openalex.org/W4310905415","https://openalex.org/W4312210607","https://openalex.org/W4312321041","https://openalex.org/W4312381241","https://openalex.org/W4313318673","https://openalex.org/W4313887387","https://openalex.org/W4316659469","https://openalex.org/W6600348643","https://openalex.org/W6603298519","https://openalex.org/W6682823247","https://openalex.org/W6963870315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W1974946548","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W3005892862","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"affective":[3,173],"computing":[4,24,174],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,32,114],"a":[8,36,100,115,124,150],"promising":[9],"approach":[10],"to":[11,27,56,70,84,130,160,171],"studying":[12],"user":[13,184],"experience,":[14,185],"replacing":[15],"subjective":[16],"methods":[17],"that":[18,141],"rely":[19],"on":[20],"participants'":[21],"self-evaluation.":[22],"Affective":[23],"uses":[25],"biometrics":[26,162],"recognize":[28],"people's":[29],"emotional":[30],"states":[31],"they":[33],"interact":[34],"with":[35,49,127,155],"product.":[37],"However,":[38,64],"the":[39,86,132],"cost":[40],"of":[41],"medical-grade":[42],"biofeedback":[43,87,102,147],"systems":[44],"is":[45,55],"prohibitive":[46],"for":[47,119,153],"researchers":[48,80,154],"limited":[50,156],"budgets.":[51],"An":[52],"alternative":[53],"solution":[54],"use":[57],"consumer-grade":[58],"devices,":[59],"which":[60],"are":[61],"more":[62],"affordable.":[63],"these":[65,96],"devices":[66],"require":[67],"proprietary":[68],"software":[69,111],"collect":[71],"data,":[72],"complicating":[73],"data":[74],"processing,":[75],"synchronization,":[76],"and":[77,92,107,138,189],"integration.":[78],"Additionally,":[79],"need":[81],"multiple":[82],"computers":[83],"control":[85],"system,":[88],"increasing":[89],"equipment":[90],"costs":[91],"complexity.":[93],"To":[94],"address":[95],"challenges,":[97],"we":[98],"developed":[99],"low-cost":[101,146],"platform":[103,148,167],"using":[104,135],"inexpensive":[105],"hardware":[106],"open-source":[108],"libraries.":[109],"Our":[110,145],"can":[112,168],"serve":[113],"system":[116],"development":[117],"kit":[118],"future":[120],"studies.":[121,165],"We":[122],"conducted":[123],"simple":[125],"experiment":[126],"one":[128,136],"participant":[129],"validate":[131],"platform's":[133],"effectiveness,":[134],"baseline":[137],"two":[139],"tasks":[140],"elicited":[142],"distinct":[143],"responses.":[144],"provides":[149],"reference":[151],"architecture":[152],"budgets":[157],"who":[158],"wish":[159],"incorporate":[161],"into":[163],"their":[164],"This":[166],"be":[169],"used":[170],"develop":[172],"models":[175],"in":[176],"various":[177],"domains,":[178],"including":[179],"ergonomics,":[180],"human":[181,186],"factors":[182],"engineering,":[183],"behavioral":[187],"studies,":[188],"human-robot":[190],"interaction.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
