{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323317178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052807","title":"Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT): A Comprehensive Review from Architecture to Security and Privacy Challenges","display_name":"Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT): A Comprehensive Review from Architecture to Security and Privacy Challenges","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323317178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052807","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36905010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052807","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2807/pdf?version=1678245710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2807/pdf?version=1678245710","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054275400","display_name":"Abdullah Alabdulatif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-5140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alabdulatif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, College of Sciences and Arts in Al-Rass, Qassim University, Al-Rass 720223, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-5140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, College of Sciences and Arts in Al-Rass, Qassim University, Al-Rass 720223, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024876520","display_name":"Navod Neranjan Thilakarathne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7761-2035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90678064","display_name":"University of Colombo","ror":"https://ror.org/02phn5242","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90678064"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Navod Neranjan Thilakarathne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ICT, Faculty of Technology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7761-2035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ICT, Faculty of Technology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90678064"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068829395","display_name":"Zaharaddeen Karami Lawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156178","display_name":"Federal University Dutse","ror":"https://ror.org/0278jft56","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaharaddeen Karami Lawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720102, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-5581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020944121","display_name":"Khairul Eahsun Fahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-9633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156178","display_name":"Federal University Dutse","ror":"https://ror.org/0278jft56","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khairul Eahsun Fahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720102, Nigeria","ZNRF University of Management Sciences, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-9633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZNRF University of Management Sciences, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052589361","display_name":"Rufai Yusuf Zakari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4645-6412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164620","display_name":"Skyline University Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/059s97738","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164620"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156178","display_name":"Federal University Dutse","ror":"https://ror.org/0278jft56","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rufai Yusuf Zakari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720102, Nigeria","Department of Computer Science, Skyline University Nigeria, Kano 700103, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Skyline University Nigeria, Kano 700103, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164620"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024876520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90678064"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.4179,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96765701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"2807","last_page":"2807"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5905813574790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5857487916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5571122169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5478512644767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5269268751144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5108222961425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.49219146370887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47822779417037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.41407328844070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24255728721618652}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5905813574790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5857487916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5571122169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5478512644767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5269268751144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5108222961425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.49219146370887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47822779417037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.41407328844070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24255728721618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052807","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2807/pdf?version=1678245710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36905010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36905010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10007150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10007150","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10007150/pdf/sensors-23-02807.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1021cade1bf42609e69ce7bbdda5024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1021cade1bf42609e69ce7bbdda5024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 2807 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/5/2807/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052807","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2807/pdf?version=1678245710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323317178.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511917582","https://openalex.org/W1902748306","https://openalex.org/W1974254096","https://openalex.org/W1975136868","https://openalex.org/W2006692261","https://openalex.org/W2051871299","https://openalex.org/W2160851491","https://openalex.org/W2168067377","https://openalex.org/W2169061810","https://openalex.org/W2185078492","https://openalex.org/W2249344665","https://openalex.org/W2427263315","https://openalex.org/W2519210099","https://openalex.org/W2525385824","https://openalex.org/W2588358803","https://openalex.org/W2607193402","https://openalex.org/W2745594773","https://openalex.org/W2751225502","https://openalex.org/W2758034804","https://openalex.org/W2766892931","https://openalex.org/W2768249236","https://openalex.org/W2784070037","https://openalex.org/W2883303580","https://openalex.org/W2895452451","https://openalex.org/W2899762291","https://openalex.org/W2922089003","https://openalex.org/W2963656859","https://openalex.org/W2966395200","https://openalex.org/W3008375648","https://openalex.org/W3009589950","https://openalex.org/W3015057921","https://openalex.org/W3028960735","https://openalex.org/W3103243862","https://openalex.org/W3109446179","https://openalex.org/W3135209564","https://openalex.org/W3164886616","https://openalex.org/W3173970477","https://openalex.org/W3180419441","https://openalex.org/W3183907953","https://openalex.org/W3189287208","https://openalex.org/W3192301295","https://openalex.org/W3201835288","https://openalex.org/W3208014510","https://openalex.org/W3208626829","https://openalex.org/W3210387768","https://openalex.org/W4200396788","https://openalex.org/W4206232821","https://openalex.org/W4210590508","https://openalex.org/W4211128443","https://openalex.org/W4225290906","https://openalex.org/W4283736160","https://openalex.org/W4293039236","https://openalex.org/W4297504268","https://openalex.org/W4298624640","https://openalex.org/W4303980550","https://openalex.org/W6733683335","https://openalex.org/W6810291110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W68680640","https://openalex.org/W4382795941","https://openalex.org/W2371430952","https://openalex.org/W3011977641","https://openalex.org/W2991390974","https://openalex.org/W3005222456","https://openalex.org/W4281843594","https://openalex.org/W2766405666","https://openalex.org/W3173845408","https://openalex.org/W4376486703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Throughout":[0],"the":[1,11,74,78,90,103,111,115,133,140,143,150,189,198,201,204,213,227,231,260,270,277,291,301,307,315,324],"course":[2],"of":[3,13,56,68,80,88,105,121,145,152,179,188,208,236,274,314],"human":[4,46],"history,":[5],"owing":[6,196],"to":[7,110,168,197,200,217,226,249,259,263,283,300,323,329],"innovations":[8],"that":[9,42,63,164],"shape":[10],"future":[12,330],"mankind,":[14],"many":[15,175],"technologies":[16,28],"have":[17,29],"been":[18],"innovated":[19],"and":[20,36,52,82,119,138,174,203,220,233,238,245,267,294,296,318,320],"used":[21],"towards":[22,142],"making":[23,127],"people's":[24],"lives":[25],"easier.":[26],"Such":[27],"made":[30],"us":[31,109,282],"who":[32],"we":[33,99,309],"are":[34,37,176],"today":[35],"involved":[38],"with":[39,77],"every":[40,66,96],"domain":[41,279],"is":[43,59,92,149,159,223,230],"vital":[44],"for":[45,172,215],"survival":[47],"such":[48,61,128,243,256],"as":[49,98,251,326],"agriculture,":[50],"healthcare,":[51],"transportation.":[53],"The":[54,157,186,272],"Internet":[55,81,144,202],"Things":[57],"(IoT)":[58],"one":[60,253],"technology":[62,163],"revolutionizes":[64],"almost":[65,95],"aspect":[67],"our":[69],"lives,":[70],"found":[71],"early":[72],"in":[73,94,182,269,276,290,306],"21st":[75],"century":[76],"advancement":[79],"Information":[83],"Communication":[84],"(ICT)":[85],"Technologies.":[86],"As":[87],"now,":[89],"IoT":[91,134,155,190],"served":[93],"domain,":[97],"mentioned":[100],"above,":[101],"allowing":[102,114],"connectivity":[104,199],"digital":[106],"objects":[107,129],"around":[108],"Internet,":[112],"thus":[113],"remote":[116],"monitoring,":[117],"control,":[118],"execution":[120],"actions":[122],"based":[123],"on":[124],"underlying":[125],"conditions,":[126],"smarter.":[130],"Over":[131],"time,":[132],"has":[135,165,280],"progressively":[136],"evolved":[137],"paved":[139],"way":[141,214],"Nano-Things":[146],"(IoNT)":[147],"which":[148,229],"use":[151,187],"nano-size":[153],"miniature":[154,234],"devices.":[156],"IoNT":[158,278,292,316,325],"a":[160,170,194,311,327],"relatively":[161],"new":[162],"lately":[166],"begun":[167],"establish":[169],"name":[171],"itself,":[173],"not":[177],"aware":[178],"it,":[180],"even":[181],"academia":[183],"or":[184],"research.":[185,331],"always":[191],"comes":[192],"at":[193],"cost,":[195],"inherently":[205],"vulnerable":[206],"nature":[207,266],"IoT,":[209,237],"wherein":[210],"it":[211],"paves":[212],"hackers":[216],"compromise":[218],"security":[219,244,295,319],"privacy.":[221],"This":[222],"also":[224],"applicable":[225],"IoNT,":[228,261],"advanced":[232],"version":[235],"brings":[239],"disastrous":[240],"consequences":[241],"if":[242],"privacy":[246,297,321],"violations":[247],"were":[248],"occur":[250],"no":[252],"can":[254],"notice":[255],"issues":[257],"pertaining":[258,299,322],"due":[262],"their":[264],"miniaturized":[265],"novelty":[268],"field.":[271],"lack":[273],"research":[275],"motivated":[281],"synthesize":[284],"this":[285,304],"research,":[286],"highlighting":[287],"architectural":[288],"elements":[289],"ecosystem":[293,317],"challenges":[298],"IoNT.":[302],"In":[303],"regard,":[305],"study,":[308],"provide":[310],"comprehensive":[312],"overview":[313],"reference":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
